E.H.卡尔的革命人格

IF 0.2 2区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
Timothy K. Blauvelt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管E.H.Carr(1892-1982)作为一名公共知识分子的地位有所下降,但他在苏联和俄罗斯革命的历史学家中仍然保持着令人嫉妒的尊重。事实上,他细致入微的主观历史哲学以及对冷静实证研究的承诺,为后来成为该领域主流的苏联历史修正主义方法奠定了基础。然而,尽管卡尔在史学谱系中占有一席之地,但他关于苏联历史的实际著作经常被忽视。在他的《苏俄史》第五卷中,卡尔收录了20世纪20年代布尔什维克主要人物的五个人物素描——季诺维耶夫、卡梅涅夫、布哈林、托洛茨基和斯大林。其中,卡尔关于斯大林的素描因其“间接论点”而臭名昭著,即“来自上层的革命”是由更大的历史力量造成的,斯大林本人基本上无关紧要。本文探讨了卡尔对斯大林的特殊解释中的弱点和长处是如何源于他的历史哲学的,以及一旦从严格因果解释框架的要求中解放出来,卡尔对其他人物的素描是对这一领域做出重大而有影响力的贡献的一个例子,它引起了人们对早期布尔什维克主要人物观点多样性的关注。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
E. H. Carr’s Revolutionary Personalities
Despite his diminished standing as a public intellectual, E. H. Carr (1892–1982) retains a begrudging respect among historians of the Soviet Union and the Russian Revolution. In fact, his nuanced and subjective philosophy of history and commitment to dispassionate empirical research laid a foundation for the revisionist approaches to Soviet history that have since become mainstream in the field. Yet despite his position in the historiographical genealogy, Carr’s actual writings on the history of the USSR often go overlooked. In volume 5 of his History of Soviet Russia, Carr included five character sketches of the leading Bolshevik personalities of the 1920s – Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Trotsky, and Stalin. Among these, Carr’s sketch on Stalin gained notoriety as a statement of the ‘circumstantial argument’ that the ‘revolutions from above’ resulted from larger historical forces and that Stalin himself was essentially irrelevant. This essay explores how both the weaknesses and the strengths in Carr’s particular interpretation of Stalin derived from his philosophy of history, and how once liberated from the demands of a strictly causal explanatory framework, Carr’s sketches of the other personalities are an example of a substantial and influential contribution to the field that drew attention to the diversity of outlooks among the leading early Bolsheviks.
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CiteScore
0.40
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