评估用于运输计算的低成本地形测量

IF 1.8 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Hubert T. Samboko, S. Schurer, H. Savenije, H. Makurira, K. Banda, H. Winsemius
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This study sought to (1) compare open-source and\ncommercial photogrammetry packages to verify if water authorities with low\nresource availability have the option to utilise open-source packages\nwithout significant compromise on accuracy; (2) assess the impact of\nvariations in the number of ground control points (GCPs) and the\ndistribution of the GCP markers on the quality of digital elevation models\n(DEMs), with a particular emphasis on characteristics that impact\nhydraulics; and (3) investigate the impact of using reconstructions based\non different GCP numbers on conveyance and hydraulic slope. A novel method\nwhich makes use of a simple RTK tie line along the water edge measured using\na low-cost but highly accurate GNSS is presented so as to correct the\nunwanted effect of lens distortion (“doming effect”) and enable the\nconcatenation of geometric data from different sources. 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引用次数: 5

摘要

摘要快速的现代技术进步显著改善了使用无人机、摄影测量重建软件和低成本实时动态全球导航卫星系统(RTK-GNSS)设备的河流监测。UAVsallow用于在难以访问的环境中收集干燥的测深数据。低成本RTK-GNSS设备与声学多普勒电流轮廓仪(ADCP)等水下测量工具相结合,有助于湿水深测量的精确测量。可以根据这些数据构建水力模型,这些数据反过来可用于各种应用,如水资源管理、预测、预警和主管水务部门的灾难准备,以及河流额定流量曲线的构建。我们假设,使用基于无人机的摄影测量结合RTK-GNSS设备重建干燥地形,可以获得特别适合水力理解和模拟模型的精确几何形状。本研究试图(1)比较开源和商业摄影测量包,以验证资源可用性较低的水务部门是否可以选择使用开源包,而不会对准确性造成重大影响;(2) 评估地面控制点(GCP)数量和GCP标记分布的变化对数字高程模型(DEM)质量的影响,特别强调影响水力学的特征;以及(3)研究了基于不同GCP数的重建对输送和水力坡度的影响。提出了一种新的方法,该方法利用低成本但高精度的GNSS沿水边测量的简单RTK联络线来校正透镜畸变的预期影响(“拱效应”),并能够连接来自不同来源的几何数据。此外,我们还描述了如何通过基于线性插值的网格化来实现干水深和湿水深的融合。我们在赞比亚卢安瓜河的一段河段上测试了我们的方法。结果表明,开源软件摄影测量包能够产生与商业可用选项相当的结果。我们确定GCP对垂直精度至关重要,但如果GCP在水平和垂直维度上间隔良好,则GCP的数量增加到有限的5个以上只能适度提高结果的准确性。此外,观察到不同横截面之间的水力几何结构存在显著差异,这证实了一组有限的、间隔良好的GCP足以建立水力健全的重建。然而,似乎有必要对水力边坡进行额外的观测。仅从无人机调查中得出的斜率被证明容易出现由镜头畸变引起的相当大的误差。将摄影测量结果与RTK-GNSS联络线相结合对校正坡度至关重要,并使其结构适合水力模型设置。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluating low-cost topographic surveys for computations of conveyance
Abstract. Rapid modern technological advancements have led to significant improvements in river monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), photogrammetric reconstruction software, and low-cost real-time kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK GNSS) equipment. UAVs allow for the collection of dry bathymetric data in environments that are difficult to access. Low-cost RTK GNSS equipment facilitates accurate measurement of wet bathymetry when combined with subaqueous measuring tools such as acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). Hydraulic models may be constructed from these data, which in turn can be used for various applications such as water management, forecasting, early warning and disaster preparedness by responsible water authorities, and construction of river rating curves. We hypothesise that the reconstruction of dry terrain with UAV-based photogrammetry combined with RTK GNSS equipment leads to accurate geometries particularly fit for hydraulic understanding and simulation models. This study sought to (1) compare open-source and commercial photogrammetry packages to verify if water authorities with low resource availability have the option to utilise open-source packages without significant compromise on accuracy; (2) assess the impact of variations in the number of ground control points (GCPs) and the distribution of the GCP markers on the quality of digital elevation models (DEMs), with a particular emphasis on characteristics that impact hydraulics; and (3) investigate the impact of using reconstructions based on different GCP numbers on conveyance and hydraulic slope. A novel method which makes use of a simple RTK tie line along the water edge measured using a low-cost but highly accurate GNSS is presented so as to correct the unwanted effect of lens distortion (“doming effect”) and enable the concatenation of geometric data from different sources. Furthermore, we describe how merging of the dry and wet bathymetry can be achieved through gridding based on linear interpolation. We tested our approach over a section of the Luangwa River in Zambia. Results indicate that the open-source software photogrammetry package is capable of producing results that are comparable to commercially available options. We determined that GCPs are essential for vertical accuracy, but also that an increase in the number of GCPs above a limited number of five only moderately increases the accuracy of results, provided the GCPs are well spaced in both the horizontal and vertical dimension. Furthermore, insignificant differences in hydraulic geometries among the various cross sections are observed, corroborating the fact that a limited well-spaced set of GCPs is enough to establish a hydraulically sound reconstruction. However, it appeared necessary to make an additional observation of the hydraulic slope. A slope derived merely from the UAV survey was shown to be prone to considerable errors caused by lens distortion. Combination of the photogrammetry results with the RTK GNSS tie line was shown to be essential to correct the slope and made the reconstruction suitable for hydraulic model setup.
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来源期刊
Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems
Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARYMETEOROLOGY-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
23
审稿时长
37 weeks
期刊介绍: Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (GI) is an open-access interdisciplinary electronic journal for swift publication of original articles and short communications in the area of geoscientific instruments. It covers three main areas: (i) atmospheric and geospace sciences, (ii) earth science, and (iii) ocean science. A unique feature of the journal is the emphasis on synergy between science and technology that facilitates advances in GI. These advances include but are not limited to the following: concepts, design, and description of instrumentation and data systems; retrieval techniques of scientific products from measurements; calibration and data quality assessment; uncertainty in measurements; newly developed and planned research platforms and community instrumentation capabilities; major national and international field campaigns and observational research programs; new observational strategies to address societal needs in areas such as monitoring climate change and preventing natural disasters; networking of instruments for enhancing high temporal and spatial resolution of observations. GI has an innovative two-stage publication process involving the scientific discussion forum Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions (GID), which has been designed to do the following: foster scientific discussion; maximize the effectiveness and transparency of scientific quality assurance; enable rapid publication; make scientific publications freely accessible.
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