Comparative Study of Sustainability Reporting on the Banking Industry in Several Countries

Levels of credit risk or credit quality, which can be measured by the ratio of non-performing loans (NPL), can be seen as a form of representation in companies, particularly in the banking sector. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Sustainability Report disclosure, specifically in each dimension of economic, environmental, and social disclosure, on the credit risk level of each banking company in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia, as measured by the NPL ratio. The effect of Sustainability Reporting disclosure on NPL is consistent with the use of stakeholder, legitimacy, and signalling theories, where the three theories are related and explain to each other that a company does not only function for its own benefit, but also for other stakeholders. This study collected 129 samples from banking sector companies in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia over a three-year period, from 2018 to 2020, using the purposive sampling method. Multiple linear regression was also utilized to evaluate and determine the impact of each component of the Sustainability Report disclosure on the NPL ratio, as well as other control variables. According to the study's findings, the overall disclosure of the Sustainability Report has a significant influence on the NPL ratio in Indonesian and Singaporean banking sector companies, but not in Malaysian companies. Although partially, economic disclosure has a negative and significant impact on NPL in Singapore, whereas environmental disclosure only has an impact on the NPL ratio in Malaysia, and the final factor is the impact of social disclosure, which has a negative and significant impact on NPL in Indonesia.