Imaging Review of Connective Tissue Diseases

Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) form a group of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by disturbance in immune mechanisms and defective clearance of apoptotic and immune complexes. Virtually all cells and tissues containing collagen or elastin are affected, resulting in multisystemic derangements and significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific and may not occur simultaneously, predisposing to a delayed or missed diagnosis. Imaging aids in supporting the diagnosis when diagnostic criteria are not met, determining extent and severity of disease, and monitoring treatment response and complications.