Productivity and grain quality of winter durum wheat of various maturity groups

The current paper has presented the results of environmental testing of winter durum wheat varieties in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. The purpose of the study was to estimate productivity and grain quality of winter durum wheat varieties of various maturity groups. The objects of the study were 53 winter durum wheat varieties of various environmental origins of breeding, namely FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”, FSBSI RCG named after P. P. Lukiyanenko, FSBSI FRAC and other institutions. The variety ‘Kristella’ was used as a standard variety. According to the results of the study there was found that 22.6 % (12 pcs.) of winter durum wheat samples belonged to the middle-early maturity group with a heading stage starting on May 20–22; 49.1 % (26 pcs.) of samples belonged to the middle-maturing group (May 23–25); 28.3 % (15 pcs.) of samples belonged to middle-late maturing group (May 26–29). The maximum productivity for the study period (2020–2022) was identified among the samples of middle maturity group (8.40 t/ha). High quality indicators were formed by winter durum wheat varieties of the middle-early maturity group with 15.24 % of protein, 27.0 % of gluten, 38 ml of SDS-sedimentation, 567 Mkg/% of carotenoids. On average for three years, the samples of the middle maturity group (78 %; 777 g/l) have formed high kernel hardness and grain unit in the trial. During the correlation analysis, there have been obtained significant positive correlations in middle-early genotypes (with protein content (r = 0.95±0.04), gluten content (r = 0.94±0.04), kernel hardness (r = 0.48±0,12), SDS-sedimentation (r = 0.92±0.04), carotenoid content (r = 0.96±0.04)) and in middle-late genotypes (with kernel hardness (r = 0.41±0.13)). Among middle maturing samples there have been found no significant correlations.