A. G. Gashua, Z. Sulaiman, Martini Mohammad Yusoff, Mohd Yusoff Abd. Samad, M. Ramlan, Shafar Jefri Mokhatar
{"title":"博卡施化肥减少NPK对土壤肥力、橡胶树生长和产量的短期影响","authors":"A. G. Gashua, Z. Sulaiman, Martini Mohammad Yusoff, Mohd Yusoff Abd. Samad, M. Ramlan, Shafar Jefri Mokhatar","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.3.07","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Rubber is currently the second major industrial crop in Malaysia after oil palm. The use of bokashi fertilizer (BF) on industrial crops is still not popular, and farmers rely mostly on chemical fertilizers (CFs) that are costly and hazardous to the environment. This research was conducted at Hevea plantation, Universiti Putra Malaysia, between August 2020–October 2021. The study was to assess the short-term effects of BF with reduced NPK fertilization on soil fertility, growth, and yield of rubber. Seven treatments (T) were involved. T1, T2, and T3 denote 4, 8, and 12 kg BF per pit. T4 was 1 kg NPK as control, whereas T5, T6, and T7 denote 4, 8, and 12 kg BF + 500 g NPK per pit, respectively. The variables observed included total nitrogen (TN%), total phosphorus (TP%), organic carbon (OC%), organic matter (OM%), exchangeable cations, microbial counts, tree girth, and dry rubber yield. The major findings indicated that applying 12 kg BF has raised the soil’s TN%, OC%, and OM% by 165, 171.4, and 172.0%, respectively, compared to NPK control. Also, adding 4 kg BF + 500 g NPK has increased the soil’s cation exchange capacity and TP% values by 107.8 and 42.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Adding sole bokashi increased the bacterial population by 22.2–133.3%. Rubber yield was better on trees treated with 12 kg BF, though this did not differ significantly from other treatments. Therefore, applying 12 kg BF or 4 kg BF + 500 g NPK can improve soil fertility and save costs from using inorganic fertilizer by at least 50%.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Short-Term Effects of Bokashi Fertilizer with Reduced NPK Fertilization on Soil Fertility, Growth, and Yield of Rubber Trees\",\"authors\":\"A. G. Gashua, Z. Sulaiman, Martini Mohammad Yusoff, Mohd Yusoff Abd. Samad, M. Ramlan, Shafar Jefri Mokhatar\",\"doi\":\"10.47836/pjtas.46.3.07\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Rubber is currently the second major industrial crop in Malaysia after oil palm. The use of bokashi fertilizer (BF) on industrial crops is still not popular, and farmers rely mostly on chemical fertilizers (CFs) that are costly and hazardous to the environment. This research was conducted at Hevea plantation, Universiti Putra Malaysia, between August 2020–October 2021. The study was to assess the short-term effects of BF with reduced NPK fertilization on soil fertility, growth, and yield of rubber. Seven treatments (T) were involved. T1, T2, and T3 denote 4, 8, and 12 kg BF per pit. T4 was 1 kg NPK as control, whereas T5, T6, and T7 denote 4, 8, and 12 kg BF + 500 g NPK per pit, respectively. The variables observed included total nitrogen (TN%), total phosphorus (TP%), organic carbon (OC%), organic matter (OM%), exchangeable cations, microbial counts, tree girth, and dry rubber yield. The major findings indicated that applying 12 kg BF has raised the soil’s TN%, OC%, and OM% by 165, 171.4, and 172.0%, respectively, compared to NPK control. Also, adding 4 kg BF + 500 g NPK has increased the soil’s cation exchange capacity and TP% values by 107.8 and 42.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Adding sole bokashi increased the bacterial population by 22.2–133.3%. Rubber yield was better on trees treated with 12 kg BF, though this did not differ significantly from other treatments. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
橡胶目前是马来西亚仅次于油棕的第二大工业作物。在工业作物上使用博卡施化肥(BF)仍然不受欢迎,农民主要依赖昂贵且对环境有害的化肥。这项研究于2020年8月至2021年10月在马来西亚普特拉大学橡胶树种植园进行。本研究旨在评估BF减少NPK施肥对土壤肥力、生长和橡胶产量的短期影响。涉及7种治疗(T)。T1、T2和T3表示每个坑4、8和12 kg BF。T4为1kg NPK作为对照,而T5、T6和T7分别表示每个凹坑4、8和12kg BF+500g NPK。观察到的变量包括总氮(TN%)、总磷(TP%)、有机碳(OC%)、有机组分(OM%)、可交换阳离子、微生物计数、树木周长和干橡胶产量。主要研究结果表明,与NPK对照相比,施用12kg BF可使土壤的TN%、OC%和OM%分别提高165、171.4和172.0%。此外,与对照相比,添加4 kg BF+500 g NPK可使土壤的阳离子交换能力和TP%值分别增加107.8%和42.9%。添加sole bokashi可使细菌数量增加22.2–133.3%。用12kg BF处理的树木橡胶产量更好,尽管这与其他处理没有显著差异。因此,施用12 kg BF或4 kg BF+500 g NPK可以提高土壤肥力,并至少节省50%的无机肥使用成本。
Short-Term Effects of Bokashi Fertilizer with Reduced NPK Fertilization on Soil Fertility, Growth, and Yield of Rubber Trees
Rubber is currently the second major industrial crop in Malaysia after oil palm. The use of bokashi fertilizer (BF) on industrial crops is still not popular, and farmers rely mostly on chemical fertilizers (CFs) that are costly and hazardous to the environment. This research was conducted at Hevea plantation, Universiti Putra Malaysia, between August 2020–October 2021. The study was to assess the short-term effects of BF with reduced NPK fertilization on soil fertility, growth, and yield of rubber. Seven treatments (T) were involved. T1, T2, and T3 denote 4, 8, and 12 kg BF per pit. T4 was 1 kg NPK as control, whereas T5, T6, and T7 denote 4, 8, and 12 kg BF + 500 g NPK per pit, respectively. The variables observed included total nitrogen (TN%), total phosphorus (TP%), organic carbon (OC%), organic matter (OM%), exchangeable cations, microbial counts, tree girth, and dry rubber yield. The major findings indicated that applying 12 kg BF has raised the soil’s TN%, OC%, and OM% by 165, 171.4, and 172.0%, respectively, compared to NPK control. Also, adding 4 kg BF + 500 g NPK has increased the soil’s cation exchange capacity and TP% values by 107.8 and 42.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Adding sole bokashi increased the bacterial population by 22.2–133.3%. Rubber yield was better on trees treated with 12 kg BF, though this did not differ significantly from other treatments. Therefore, applying 12 kg BF or 4 kg BF + 500 g NPK can improve soil fertility and save costs from using inorganic fertilizer by at least 50%.