Adaptive real-time spectrum selection framework and handover decision algorithm (RSSF-HDA) for heterogeneous networks

Carrier aggregation (CA) is a technology introduced by the Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) system to increase user throughput by combining a selected number of component carriers (CCs). Its integration with heterogeneous networks enables the mobile user equipment to take advantage of increased throughput and radio coverage of various access technologies. However, due to the mobility of user equipment, these innovations have increased the likelihood of handoff scenarios, resulting in a high outage probability and low throughput. Handover is a crucial part of mobility management since it enables users to move from one cell to another while maintaining connections. However, no single access technique can provide seamless communication without interruption or delay. As a result, creating a suitable handover decision algorithm is necessary for ensuring high-quality service continuity and dependable user equipment access to the network at all times. An Adaptive Real-Time Spectrum Selection Framework and Handover Decision Algorithm (RSSF-HDA) with optimal resource allocation to the deployed system model is presented in this paper. This effort is geared toward preventing communication failure and improving system performance. It further positions the 4G LTE-A framework for inclusive coexistence with the current 5G New Radio enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) use case scenario. The results of the simulation reveal that this method increases system performance in terms of Cell edge spectral efficiency and Handover success rate above 10% and 13%, respectively, when compared to Conventional Handover Decision Algorithm (Conv-HDA) and Multi-Influence Factor Handover Decision Algorithms (MIF-HDA).