Cobalt Supported and Polyfunctional Hybrid Catalysts for Selective Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Review

A review of modern approaches to the development of cobalt catalyst technology used in most known ways of synthesizing hydrocarbons from CO and H₂ using the Fischer–Tropsch is presented. The development of efficient catalysts solves the problem of replacing fossil fuels with ultra-clean alternative fuels and reduces their negative impact on the environment. An analysis of results from scientific and technological research, including ones obtained recently by the authors, shows current lines in developing the technology of high-performance catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons using classical and integrated GTL technology, including the creation of new types of polyfunctional systems. The review mainly describes the catalytic characteristics of supported cobalt catalysts synthesized via impregnation and polyfunctional hybrid catalysts obtained on their basis for the selective synthesis of fuel fraction hydrocarbons. Problems of controlling selectivity, productivity, and changes in the activity and physicochemical properties of catalysts during long-term operation are considered.