Comparison of Unilateral and Bilateral Surgical Approaches for the Treatment of Age-Related Divergence Insufficiency Esotropia

ABSTRACT Purpose Age-related divergence insufficiency-esotropia (ARDIE) is characterized by greater esodeviation at distance than near. This study aims to compare the outcomes of unilateral and bilateral surgical approaches. Patients and Methods Sixty-two cases treated at the Kellogg Eye Center, the University of Michigan, from 1995 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. One surgeon used unilateral procedures including unilateral medial rectus recession (n = 24, group 1) or unilateral recession-resection (n = 18, group 2) with an adjustable suture. Another surgeon used bilateral medial rectus recession with fixed sutures (n = 20, group 3). Results For patients with distance esodeviation <15∆, postoperative distance deviations in both group 1 and group 3 were not statistically different (p = .352). For patients with esodeviations 15–20∆, postoperative distance deviations in all 3 groups were also not statistically different (p = .142). Similarly, patients with deviations >20∆ did not show significantly different postoperative distance alignment (p = .082) between group 2 and 3. Overall, group 2 had the highest overall success rate (90%) (mean at distance = 1.17∆ exodeviation, at near = 2.33∆ exodeviation). Conclusion Both unilateral medial rectus recession ± lateral rectus resection and bilateral medial rectus recession surgical approaches produced similar favorable outcomes in ARDIE.