Cita directa e indirecta en la construcción narrativa de estudiantes escolares mexicanos

espanolEste articulo presenta un estudio descriptivo-comparativo de los usos de citas directas e indirectas en la narracion de estudiantes de distintos niveles escolares. El objetivo era encontrar tendencias en el manejo del discurso reproducido, vinculadas con distintos momentos de desarrollo. El corpus de estudio se compone de muestras narrativas orales de 80 escolares (20 participantes por grado: 1o, 3o, 6o y 9o) de distintas escuelas publicas urbanas del centro de Mexico, obtenidas a traves de recontar un cuento previamente escuchado y de narrar historias presentadas en ilustraciones. Se llevo a cabo un analisis cuantitativo de las citas directase indirectas en las producciones de cada narrador. Posteriormente, se compararon las frecuencias por grado escolar. Dicha comparacion se sometio a estadistica con R. Los resultados muestran que los mas pequenos tienden a reproducir directamente los dialogos del cuento original escuchado e incluyen pocas citas en sus cuentos mas autonomos. Los mayores, en cambio, tienden a citar indirectamente en el recuento, generando textos mas narrativos, pero en sus cuentos autonomos predomina la cita directa. EnglishA descriptive-comparative study about the uses of direct and indirect quotations in the narrative of students of different school grades is presented in the article. The objective was to find tendencies in the use of the reported speech linked to different moments of development. The study corpus is formed by oral stories from 80 schoolchildren (20 participants per grade, 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th) from different public, urban schools in the center of Mexico. They were obtained by retelling a previously told story, and by telling stories shown in illustrations. A quantitative analysis of the direct and indirect quotations in the production of each narrator was carried out. Afterwards, the frequencies were compared among school grades. This comparison had statistical assessment using R. Results show that the younger ones tend to report directly the dialogues of the original listened story, and they include few quotes in their more autonomous stories. The older ones, on the contrary, are prone to quote indirectly in the report, generating more narrative texts, but in their autonomous stories the direct quotation predominates.