劳动力市场对经济数字化要求的适应:全球维度

T. Umanets, S. Danylina, L. Shatalova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

时事性。数字经济越来越成为我们日常生活的一部分,正在改变许多组织和管理工作的方法。数字技术和未来几十年的第六种技术设备将导致机器部分取代人类劳动。数字化的结果是,在未来十年内,所有现有职业中有9%到50%可能会消失。到2036年,以工时表示的工作中有2%到50%可以实现自动化,到2066年,这一比例可以达到46%到99%。根据欧盟委员会的数据,在20国集团中,每年的数字经济估计为3.2万亿欧元,约占GDP总量的8%。因此,今天有必要确定劳动力市场适应经济数字化要求的特征,同时考虑到世界经验。目标和任务。本文的目的是在世界经验的基础上,确定劳动力市场对经济数字化要求的适应特征。研究的结果。在经济数字化的影响下,21世纪全球社会经济发展的主要特征是:技术和创新的集约化发展,服务业的重要性增强;加速融入全球化进程;通信技术变化条件下的劳动关系变迁与雇员与雇主“远程关系”背景下人们劳动行为的动因在数字化背景下形成灵活的虚拟劳动力市场的过程。可以确定的是,第四次工业革命的特征是数字化,这在劳动力市场上为减少额外的工作岗位和加剧已经形成的工作岗位的“压缩”过程创造了条件。根据国际公司的估计,未来20年机器人硬件和软件工作在美国和欧盟的替代主要趋势。由于引入诸如“大数据”等新技术,劳动力市场中工作结构的变化特征-按行业,部门和活动领域划分;工业物联网——专业专家;生产自动化和机器人技术;移动互联网、云技术和数字平台。通过分析“创意阶层”概念的定义、构成要素的特征和表现,对数字经济发展中创意阶层的出现进行了实证和描述。事实证明,由于数字化,创造了形成创意经济的先决条件。指出了进一步研究的前景。提出的研究结果是对乌克兰经济数字化中适应性业务流程管理基础知识的理论和方法理解的一定基础,因为有必要考虑到新技术影响下工作相对结构的变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ADAPTATION OF THE LABOR MARKET TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY: THE GLOBAL DIMENSION
Topicality.The digital economy, becoming more and more part of our daily lives, is changing many of the approaches to the organization and management of their work. Digital technologies and the sixth technological device in the coming decades will lead to a partial replacement of human labor by machines. As a result of digitalization, from 9 to 50% of all existing occupations may disappear in the next decade. By 2036,from 2 to 50% of work expressed in man-hours can be automated, and by 2066 this share can reach 46-99%. In the G20, according to the European Commission, the annual digital economy is estimated at 3.2 trillion euro and is about 8% of total GDP. Thus, today it is necessary to identify the characteristics of the adaptation of the labor market to the requirements of digitalization of the economy, taking into account world experience.Aim and tasks.The aim of the article is to identify the characteristics of the adaptation of the labor market to the requirements of digitalization of the economy on the basis of world experience.Research results.The article presents the main features of global socio-economic development in the XXI century under the influence of digitalization of the economy, namely: intensive development of technology and innovation, strengthening the importance of services; accelerated inclusion in the globalization process; transformation of labor relations in the conditions of changes in communication technologies and motivation of people's labor behavior in the context of "remote relations" between employees and their employers; the process of forming a flexible, virtual labor market in the context of digitalization. It is determined that the feature of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is digitalization, which in the labor market creates conditions for the reduction of additional jobs and intensification of the process of "compression" of those already formed. The main trends in the replacement of robotic hardware and software jobs in the United States and the European Union for the next 20 years based on estimates of international companies. The characteristics of changes in the structure of jobs in the labor market due to the introduction of such new technologies as: "Big data" - by industry, sector and area of activity; industrial Internet of Things - specialists in specialties; production automation and robotics; mobile internet, cloud technologies and digital platforms. The emergence of the creative class in the development of the digital economy is substantiated and given a description by analyzing the definitions of the concept of "Creative Class", the characteristics of the elements of its structure and performance. It is proved that due to digitalization the preconditions for the formation of a creative economy are created. Prospects for further research are identified.Conclusion. The presented results of the research are a certain basis of theoretical and methodological understanding of the basics of adaptive business process management in the digitalization of Ukraine's economy, because it is necessary to take into account changes in the relative structure of jobs under the influence of new technology.
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