{"title":"西龙目岛Bangko-Bangko国家自然公园土地冲突中的排他性力量","authors":"G. Anugrah","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V25I2.12344","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak Pencegahan dan pembatasan akses (eksklusi) lahan merupakan inti dari persoalan sengketa agraria di Indonesia. Beberapa kajian sebelumnya cenderung melihat negara dan korporasi sebagai aktor yang mendorong proses eksklusi, sementara alasan di baliknya digerakkan oleh kepentingan modal semata. Namun, pada kenyataannya proses eksklusi juga digerakkan oleh tujuan-tujuan lain yakni alasan konservasi dan penyelamatan lingkungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kasus sengketa agraria yang digerakkan oleh persoalan konservasi di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Bangko-Bangko, dianalisis menggunakan konsep kuasa eksklusi (Hall et al. 2011). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, data-data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses eksklusi yang menyebabkan sengketa agraria di kawasan tersebut didorong oleh 3 (tiga) bentuk kuasa: regulasi, paksaan, dan legitimasi. Ragam kepengaturan, secara sinergis dengan legitimasi berbasis konservasi dan cara-cara paksaan, digunakan oleh negara untuk mengamankan klaim atas TWA Bangko-Bangko, sekaligus mencegah akses penduduk lokal mendiami kawasan tersebut. Konsekuensinya, resistensi muncul dari masyarakat dengan mengusung narasi ‘masyarakat asli’ sebagai legitimasi tandingan dalam rangka merebut kembali hak dan kedaulatan atas tanah.dari negara. Abstract Land exclusion (prevention and restriction of access) plays an important role in triggering agrarian conf licts in Indonesia. Previous studies tended to see the state and private companies as the main actors driving the exclusion process, while the reasons behind it were merely caused by the capital. However, the process of exclusion is also led by forestry and nature conservation. This paper aims to explore the case of agrarian conflicts that occur in the Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, by examining the power of exclusion as a conceptual framework (Hall et al. 2011). By using qualitative research methods, the data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. This study reveals that the exclusionary processes are primarily driven by 3 types of power: regulation, force, and legitimation. Regulation is carried out by the state, synergistically with the legitimation of conservation (by the notion of the common good) and the use of repressive means, to secure claim over Bangko-Bangko and prevent local people’ access to the area. The local community has found themselves were tried to exclude from the land they claimed as their own—by using the legitimation of indigenous people—and have resisted this claim from the state.","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Power of Exclusion in Agrarian Conflict of Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, West Lombok\",\"authors\":\"G. Anugrah\",\"doi\":\"10.7454/MJS.V25I2.12344\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Abstrak Pencegahan dan pembatasan akses (eksklusi) lahan merupakan inti dari persoalan sengketa agraria di Indonesia. Beberapa kajian sebelumnya cenderung melihat negara dan korporasi sebagai aktor yang mendorong proses eksklusi, sementara alasan di baliknya digerakkan oleh kepentingan modal semata. Namun, pada kenyataannya proses eksklusi juga digerakkan oleh tujuan-tujuan lain yakni alasan konservasi dan penyelamatan lingkungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kasus sengketa agraria yang digerakkan oleh persoalan konservasi di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Bangko-Bangko, dianalisis menggunakan konsep kuasa eksklusi (Hall et al. 2011). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, data-data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses eksklusi yang menyebabkan sengketa agraria di kawasan tersebut didorong oleh 3 (tiga) bentuk kuasa: regulasi, paksaan, dan legitimasi. Ragam kepengaturan, secara sinergis dengan legitimasi berbasis konservasi dan cara-cara paksaan, digunakan oleh negara untuk mengamankan klaim atas TWA Bangko-Bangko, sekaligus mencegah akses penduduk lokal mendiami kawasan tersebut. Konsekuensinya, resistensi muncul dari masyarakat dengan mengusung narasi ‘masyarakat asli’ sebagai legitimasi tandingan dalam rangka merebut kembali hak dan kedaulatan atas tanah.dari negara. Abstract Land exclusion (prevention and restriction of access) plays an important role in triggering agrarian conf licts in Indonesia. Previous studies tended to see the state and private companies as the main actors driving the exclusion process, while the reasons behind it were merely caused by the capital. However, the process of exclusion is also led by forestry and nature conservation. This paper aims to explore the case of agrarian conflicts that occur in the Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, by examining the power of exclusion as a conceptual framework (Hall et al. 2011). By using qualitative research methods, the data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
土地征用是印度尼西亚农业争端的核心。过去的一些研究倾向于将国家和企业视为推动排泄进程的行为者,而其背后的原因则是纯粹的资本驱动的。事实上,环境保护和拯救的其他目的也推动了排泄物的过程。这篇文章的目的是探索农业问题的案例,这些问题是由自然旅游公园(TWA)的保护问题引起的。通过观察、深入采访和文档研究,利用定性研究的方法收集研究数据。这项研究的结果表明,导致该地区土地纠纷的排泄过程是由三种(三种)权力形式驱动的:监管、强迫和合法性。各国以保护和武力为基础的合法性和合法性,利用这些组织,以确保对TWA - bangko的主权,同时阻止当地居民定居在该地区。因此,社会产生了阻力,其结果是,随着“本土社会”的说法作为竞争对手的合法性而产生。国家的影响。抽象的土地扩张(预防和限制访问)在印度尼西亚扮演一个重要的角色。前被告的研究表明,美国联邦调查局(state and private companies)对州及其附属机构进行了调查,而其背后的reasons则直接由首都提供。休伊特,引渡程序也被森林保护。这篇论文旨在说明国家自然公园中发生的农业冲突。通过使用qualitative研究方法,数据被收集到通过观察员技术、内部审查和文档研究。这项研究表明,过度的处理器是由三种力量驱动的:调节、力量和授权。监管被州和所谓的“保护措施”所困扰,其手段是利用受压抑的手段来保护银行家和当地居民进入该地区的权利。当地社区已发现他们自己试图从土地上退出——通过利用不可侵犯的人的合法性——并将这一索赔纳入国家。
The Power of Exclusion in Agrarian Conflict of Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, West Lombok
Abstrak Pencegahan dan pembatasan akses (eksklusi) lahan merupakan inti dari persoalan sengketa agraria di Indonesia. Beberapa kajian sebelumnya cenderung melihat negara dan korporasi sebagai aktor yang mendorong proses eksklusi, sementara alasan di baliknya digerakkan oleh kepentingan modal semata. Namun, pada kenyataannya proses eksklusi juga digerakkan oleh tujuan-tujuan lain yakni alasan konservasi dan penyelamatan lingkungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kasus sengketa agraria yang digerakkan oleh persoalan konservasi di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Bangko-Bangko, dianalisis menggunakan konsep kuasa eksklusi (Hall et al. 2011). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, data-data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses eksklusi yang menyebabkan sengketa agraria di kawasan tersebut didorong oleh 3 (tiga) bentuk kuasa: regulasi, paksaan, dan legitimasi. Ragam kepengaturan, secara sinergis dengan legitimasi berbasis konservasi dan cara-cara paksaan, digunakan oleh negara untuk mengamankan klaim atas TWA Bangko-Bangko, sekaligus mencegah akses penduduk lokal mendiami kawasan tersebut. Konsekuensinya, resistensi muncul dari masyarakat dengan mengusung narasi ‘masyarakat asli’ sebagai legitimasi tandingan dalam rangka merebut kembali hak dan kedaulatan atas tanah.dari negara. Abstract Land exclusion (prevention and restriction of access) plays an important role in triggering agrarian conf licts in Indonesia. Previous studies tended to see the state and private companies as the main actors driving the exclusion process, while the reasons behind it were merely caused by the capital. However, the process of exclusion is also led by forestry and nature conservation. This paper aims to explore the case of agrarian conflicts that occur in the Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, by examining the power of exclusion as a conceptual framework (Hall et al. 2011). By using qualitative research methods, the data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. This study reveals that the exclusionary processes are primarily driven by 3 types of power: regulation, force, and legitimation. Regulation is carried out by the state, synergistically with the legitimation of conservation (by the notion of the common good) and the use of repressive means, to secure claim over Bangko-Bangko and prevent local people’ access to the area. The local community has found themselves were tried to exclude from the land they claimed as their own—by using the legitimation of indigenous people—and have resisted this claim from the state.