Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nursing Personnel and Prevention Strategies

"Objectives: Health professions such as nursing are at high risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs). This study aims to present the most common WRMSDs that occur in nursing personnel, investigate the risk factors associated with their occurrence, and identify preventive and therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed using keywords, until May 2021, while the results reported by various authors were summarized. Results: Low back discomfort (30% to 60%), neck disorders (30% to 48%), and shoulder disorders (43 to 53%) are the most common WRMSDs in nursing personnel. The major risk factors are classified as demographics and job characteristics, physical, psychosocial, and workplace organizational factors, which often co-exist and act together. WRMSDs have serious consequences such as absenteeism, reduced productivity, increased morbidity, health costs as well as lower quality of life. To reduce the incidence of WRMSDs, it is crucial to implement prevention strategies, such as ergonomic measures and training programs in high-risk nursing departments as well as immediate therapeutic approaches, where required. Organizational interventions are also required to improve the working environment in terms of assigning tasks among nursing staff, setting working hours, keeping a positive attitude, and conducting medical examinations. Conclusion: Early identification of risk factors concerning WRMSDs among nursing personnel and immediate treatment is needed to maintain their productivity as well as to provide quality nursing care, followed by evidence-based ergonomic and organizational intervention strategies for their safety and health protection. "