Impact of Antibiotic Use in Patient Colonization with Multidrug-resistant Organisms

There are some variables associated with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) establishment success in healthcare settings and infection outcomes such as long-time use of antibiotics, immunosuppression, medical devices, loss of skin integrity, time of permanence of patients in ICUs and microorganism virulence. Our aim was to review the impact of antimicrobial use in patients’ colonization with MDRO. In fact, gene encoding resistance can be detected even in commensal microbiota. Some analysis using DNA sequencing to evaluate microbiomes has confirmed the impact of antibiotic use in microbiota leading to the emergence of potential pathogens. Conversely, the decreased use of a specific antibiotic can lead to loss of resistance.