Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis in pediatrics: A review of clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDAR) is a severe autoimmune disease caused by the development of immunoglobulin G antibodies against the NMDAR's GluN1 subunit in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is characterized by a wide range of clinical features including psychological manifestations, dyskinesia, and epileptic seizures. Intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange are the first-line treatments. Early diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and follow-up of the disease are crucial as it results in favorable prognosis. In the pediatric age group, relapse is possible.