Extraneural metastatic gliosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature

Extraneural metastasis of gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare event. In this report, we describe a 15-year-old girl with a frontal GS who underwent complete resection, but developed tumor recurrence requiring a second operation after 3 years. Eight months after the second operation, she presented with a left postauricular mass. The clinical, neuroimaging, and histopathological findings were described. We also conducted a literature review and identified 26 cases of GS with extraneural metastasis, including the current report. The prognosis of GS with extracranial metastasis was poor, with a median survival of approximately 8.0 months. The common metastatic organs were the lungs (65.4%), liver (34.6%), and skeleton (23.1%). We also discuss the pathogenesis of GS with extraneural metastasis. We report an unusual case of a pediatric patient with GS with extraneural metastasis, with a long survival. GS with extraneural metastasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with soft-tissue masses. This work was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand (REC 62-259-10-1) on September 9, 2019.