导读:悬浮议会、联合政府与伊斯兰主义者的崛起——2022年大选后的马来西亚

Q3 Social Sciences
Chin-Huat Wong
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引用次数: 0

摘要

马来西亚于2022年11月19日举行的第15届大选产生了由安瓦尔·易卜拉欣领导的19党联合政府,该政府目前控制着议会三分之二的多数席位。这届政府由四个联盟组成:安华的希望联盟(Pakatan Harapan, PH),曾经占主导地位的国民阵线(Barisan Nasional, BN),砂拉越政党联盟(Gabungan Parti Sarawak, GPS)和沙巴人民联盟(Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, GRS),分别在联邦议会有四个,四个,四个和三个政党。这个联盟还有四个独立的政党,传统党(Parti Warisan, Warisan),以青年为基础的马来西亚统一民主联盟(MUDA)和两个地区政党。GE15本身至少有四个重要含义。首先,它导致了自2018年国阵61年统治结束以来的第四次和平权力转移,这样马来西亚在技术上通过了亨廷顿的“连续两次更替”测试,尽管她的民主远未巩固。其次,它在选举后产生了一个悬浮议会,这是第一次在联邦一级。2020年2月,马来西亚土著统一党(Parti Bersatu prihumi Malaysia, PPBM)离开希盟,并任命其主席慕尤丁·亚辛为新首相,“喜来登行动”(Sheraton Move)之后,无多数议会首次出现,这在本期其他地方有详细描述。第三,泛马伊斯兰党史无前例地崛起,以19%的议席成为国会最大的单一政党。在PAS和Bersatu的共同推动下,全国联盟(Perikatan Nasional, PN)现在是唯一拥有三分之一席位的反对党。第四,马来西亚13个州中只有3个州同时举行选举,结束了传统的选举日历纵向和横向同时进行,这表明自2018年以来联邦-州政治脱钩。泰勒大学(Taylor’s University)政治学家、民主行动党(Democratic Action Party, DAP)前议员王健明(Kian-Ming Ong)在他的观点文章中,欢迎马来西亚日益激烈的竞争和不断演变的政治格局给至少三个领域的比较研究者带来的阴谋:种族分裂的社会、独裁政权的民主变革和选举改革,以及选举联盟的动态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Introduction: Hung parliament, coalition government and the rise of the Islamists – Malaysia after the 2022 election
Malaysia’s 15th General Election (GE15) on 19 November 2022 produced a 19-party coalition government led by Anwar Ibrahim, which now controls a two-third parliamentary majority. This government comprises four coalitions: Anwar’s Alliance of Hope (Pakatan Harapan, PH), the once dominant National Front (Barisan Nasional, BN), Sarawak Parties Alliance (Gabungan Parti Sarawak, GPS) with and Sabah People’s Alliance (Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, GRS), which have, respectively, four, four, four and three parties in the Federal Parliament. The coalition also has four standalone parties, Heritage Party (Parti Warisan, Warisan), the youth-based Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA) and two regional parties. GE15 itself has at least four significant implications. First, it led to the fourth peaceful transfer of power since the end of BN’s 61-year rule in 2018, such that Malaysia technically passes Huntington’s test of ‘two consecutive turnovers’ even though her democracy is far from consolidated. Second, it produced a hung parliament right after the election, the first time at the federal level. A hung parliament first emerged after the ‘Sheraton Move’, described in detail elsewhere in this issue, in February 2020, which saw the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Parti Bersatu Pribumi Malaysia, PPBM) leaving PH and installing its president Muhyiddin Yassin as the new Prime Minister. Third, it recorded an unprecedented rise of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) which became the largest single party in Parliament with 19% of seats. Driven by both PAS and Bersatu, the National Alliance (Perikatan Nasional, PN) is now the sole Opposition with one-third of seats. Fourth, only three of Malaysia’s 13 states had their elections concurrently, ending the conventional vertical and horizontal simultaneity in the election calendar, indicating the decoupling of federal-state politics since 2018. In his opinion piece, Kian-Ming Ong, political scientist at Taylor’s University and exparliamentarian of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), welcomes the intrigues Malaysia’s increasingly competitive and constantly evolving political landscape bring to comparative researchers in at least three areas: ethnically divided societies, democratic change and electoral reform in authoritarian regimes and the dynamics of electoral coalitions.
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来源期刊
Round Table
Round Table Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
77
期刊介绍: Founded in 1910, The Round Table, Britain"s oldest international affairs journal, provides analysis and commentary on all aspects of international affairs. The journal is the major source for coverage of policy issues concerning the contemporary Commonwealth and its role in international affairs, with occasional articles on themes of historical interest. The Round Table has for many years been a repository of informed scholarship, opinion, and judgement regarding both international relations in general, and the Commonwealth in particular, with authorship and readership drawn from the worlds of government, business, finance and academe.
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