How workplace bullying influences knowledge management processes: a developing country perspective

This study aims to examine the mutual and complex relationship between WB and KM processes at universities and research institutes. A comprehensive framework for the proposed relationships between WB and KM processes has been developed by a review of the relevant literature, which consists of four fundamental constructs. Academics' perceptions on these constructs were captured using a five-point Likert scale. A total of 380 valid responses were collected, which were then analysed by employing using equation modelling. The results show that the occurrence of WB has a negative and significant effect (directly and indirectly) on all three KM processes (creation, sharing and utilisation) in the higher education sector in a developing country. A hypothetical framework for understanding the relationships between WB and KM processes has never been provided anywhere, let alone Iraq as a developing country in the Middle East. Thus, this work is novel and unique.