童年中期心理理论、执行功能和友谊质量的关系

IF 1.2 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Stephanie Miller, Rachael E. Reavis, Brittany N. Avila
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引用次数: 8

摘要

摘要:尽管我们对学前心理发展理论有着丰富的知识,但对发展以及支持心理发展进入儿童中期的过程知之甚少。目前的研究考察了儿童中期ToM的潜在认知(即执行功能、言语智力和非言语智力)和社会(即社会经济地位、兄弟姐妹和友谊质量)相关性。共有81名儿童(6.9-10.0岁)完成了两项ToM任务(解释性ToM和失礼)、三项执行功能任务(后向数字跨度、满足延迟和维度变化卡片排序任务)、一份友谊质量问卷以及言语和非言语智力测量。结果表明,执行功能与ToM之间存在差异。抑制(即延迟满足)与失礼故事的准确性呈正相关,而认知灵活性(即维度变化卡片排序)与解释ToM任务的准确性相关。通常在学前阶段发现的社会相关性(即社会经济地位和兄弟姐妹数量)在我们的老年样本中并不显著。然而,友谊质量与ToM表现有关,消极的友谊质量与女孩更好的解释ToM有关。结果表明,年龄较大的儿童继续发展ToM能力,执行功能继续与ToM表现相关,在适合儿童中期的ToM任务中,家庭以外的社会经历可能是重要的考虑因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Associations Between Theory of Mind, Executive Function, and Friendship Quality in Middle Childhood
Abstract:Despite our wealth of knowledge regarding theory of mind (ToM) development in preschool, less is known about development and the processes that support ToM into middle childhood. The current study examined potential cognitive (i.e., executive function, verbal intelligence, and nonverbal intelligence) and social (i.e., socioeconomic status, siblings, and friendship quality) correlates of ToM in middle childhood. A total of 81 children (6.9–10.0 years of age) completed two ToM tasks (interpretive ToM and faux pas), three executive function tasks (backward-digit span, delay of gratification, and a dimensional change card sort task), a friendship-quality questionnaire, and verbal and nonverbal intelligence measures. Results indicated that executive function differentially related to ToM. Inhibition (i.e., delaying gratification) was positively related to accuracy on faux pas stories, whereas cognitive flexibility (i.e., dimensional change card sort) was related to accuracy on the interpretive ToM task. Social correlates typically found in pre-school (i.e., socioeconomic status and number of siblings) were not significant in our older sample. However, friendship quality was related to ToM performance, with negative friendship quality relating to better interpretive ToM for girls. Results indicate that older children continue to develop in ToM abilities, executive function continues to relate to ToM performance, and social experiences outside the family may be important to consider in ToM tasks appropriate for middle childhood.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
期刊介绍: This internationally acclaimed periodical features empirical and theoretical papers on child development and family-child relationships. A high-quality resource for researchers, writers, teachers, and practitioners, the journal contains up-to-date information on advances in developmental research on infants, children, adolescents, and families; summaries and integrations of research; commentaries by experts; and reviews of important new books in development.
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