“飞行的煤气管道”:V-2轰炸英国期间的谣言、秘密和士气

IF 1.1 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Charlie Hall
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引用次数: 0

摘要

1944年9月,德国V-2火箭开始降落在伦敦和东南部,英国是第一个因弹道导弹袭击而伤亡的国家。这一新的威胁不仅对生命再次受到威胁的平民,而且对英国政府都构成了重大挑战。政策制定者必须决定他们向公众发布的信息(如果有的话),因为他们担心制造恐慌,向纳粹提供免费宣传,并帮助V-2发射单位提高目标。他们在这一时期对保密的承诺既坚决又基本上没有必要,更不用说无效了。在没有官方信息发布的情况下,公众得出了自己的结论,出现了无数谣言,其中许多都非常准确。本文将探讨V-2轰炸期间政府围绕审查和宣传的政策发生变化的方式,以及这对前线人员的影响程度。这也将为我们对这一时期公众士气的理解增加相当大的细微差别,尽管陷入大规模恐慌或失败主义的可能性越来越小,但这一时期的公众士气并不像许多报道所说的那样坚定,而且仍然是政府的主要关注点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
'Flying Gas Mains': Rumour, Secrecy, and Morale during the V-2 Bombardment of Britain.

Britain was the first country to suffer casualties as the result of a ballistic missile attack, when German V-2 rockets began landing in London and the South-East in September 1944. This new menace posed critical challenges, not only to the civilians whose lives were endangered once again, but also to the British government. Policymakers had to decide what, if any, information they released to the public, amid fears of creating panic, providing free propaganda to the Nazis, and helping the V-2 launching units improve their aim. Their commitment to secrecy in this period was both resolute and largely unnecessary, not to mention ineffective. In the absence of official information released from above, the public drew their own conclusions and myriad rumours emerged, many of which were remarkably accurate. This article will explore the ways in which government policy surrounding censorship and publicity changed during the V-2 bombardment and the extent to which this affected those in the firing line. It will also add considerable nuance to our understanding of public morale in this period, which was rather less steadfast than many accounts suggest, and which continued to be a major government preoccupation, despite the diminishing likelihood of a descent into mass panic or defeatism.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
35
期刊介绍: Twentieth Century British History covers the variety of British history in the twentieth century in all its aspects. It links the many different and specialized branches of historical scholarship with work in political science and related disciplines. The journal seeks to transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries, in order to foster the study of patterns of change and continuity across the twentieth century. The editors are committed to publishing work that examines the British experience within a comparative context, whether European or Anglo-American.
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