基于历史的、被遗忘的化石材料,来自法国Quercy磷矿的新蜥蜴的骨学图谱

IF 1.5 3区 地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY
G. Georgalis, A. Čerňanský, Jozef Klembara
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引用次数: 20

摘要

本文详细介绍了一组被遗忘已久的古老蜥蜴,这些蜥蜴来自法国南部维也纳自然历史博物馆(NHMW)的凯尔西磷矿(Phosphorites du Quercy)。该材料由几个几乎完整的颅骨和颅骨后分离的元素组成,来自不同的,不精确的已知位置。尽管如此,许多标本的完整和特殊的保存使得新的分类群的鉴定,以及对先前描述的形式的新的解剖特征的认识和更好的理解成为可能。在这些标本中,本文所描述的材料(称为Cadurcogekko cf. piveteaui)是最完整的古近系壁虎头骨遗骸之一。对先前描述的物种Cadurcogekko verus Bolet (Daza, auge&bauer, 2015)的类型材料进行了澄清。建立了一新种,pseudoumeces kyrillomethodicus n. sp.。另外,大型的lacertid材料被引用到Mediolacerta aug, 2005,这也是该属中最大的一个。至少有两个glytosaurus分类群出现在这个集合中,其中,Paraplacosauriops aug & Sullivan, 2006,由特殊的颅骨材料代表,称为Paraplacosauriops quercyi (Filhol, 1882)。副placosa龙颅骨材料的完整性使我们对其上颌和下颌解剖结构有了更全面的了解。对1887-1890年古氏古蜥蜴属(Palaeovaranus Zittel)的颅骨和颅骨后材料进行了详细的记录。本文描述的新上颌骨有助于更好地理解古瓦龙属的特殊上颌骨特征。对1887 ~ 1890年的古瓦兰纳斯属及其模式种古瓦兰纳斯cayluxi Zittel进行了订正诊断。本文详细分析了古varanus的顶骨形态,并对该元素的种内变异进行了评估。在一个几乎完整的顶骨的基础上,建立了一个新种,Palaeovaranus lismonimenos n. sp.,该顶骨可以根据许多独特的特征与Palaeovaranus cayluxi的顶骨区分开来。另外,以前在Quercy发表的标本在这里被称为Palaeovaranus lismonimenos n. sp.,代表了该物种的年轻个体,并且首次提供了这些材料的照片。讨论了欧洲古近系长颈兽的多样性,并根据顶骨形态对其进行了区分。根据新修订的古varanus诊断,本文将Melanosauroides Kuhn, 1940重新确认为Melanosauroides giganteus Kuhn, 1940,来自德国Geiseltal早始新世晚期或中始新世。到目前为止,人们只从Geiseltal的类群区了解到Melanosauroides giganteus,而所有之前认为在Quercy出现的类群都被抛弃了。丰富的舌形椎体材料是指Placosaurus sp., Melanosaurini indet。;安圭纳;,古varanus sp., Saniwa sp.和Anguimorpha indet。,但强调应谨慎考虑其中的某些情况。特别地,讨论了来自Quercy的某些大型孤立蜥蜴椎骨的问题;有人提出,在1848-1852年的古瓦龙属和热尔韦Placosaurus之间存在一种初步的、潜在的椎骨区别,尽管无可否认,只有这些属的关节骨骼可以证实或反驳这种分类参考。本文强调了来自奎尔西磷岩地区的鳞片化石的重要性。通过摄影和显微ct扫描的方法对标本进行了详细的描绘,并给出了最重要材料的三维模型。这是首次对来自Quercy的化石鳞片进行显微ct扫描。本文提供的许多图形可作为欧洲古近系蜥蜴化石的图形关键指南。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Osteological atlas of new lizards from the Phosphorites du Quercy (France), based on historical, forgotten, fossil material
ABSTRACT A long-forgotten, old collection of lizards from the Phosphorites du Quercy in southern France, housed in the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna (NHMW), is described in detail in this paper. The material, consisting of several almost complete cranial and postcranial disarticulated elements, originates from different, imprecisely known localities. Nevertheless, the completeness and exceptional preservation of many of these specimens permitted the identification of new taxa, as well as the recognition and better understanding of novel anatomical features of previously described forms. Among the specimens, the material described herein and referred to Cadurcogekko cf. piveteaui ranks among the most complete cranial remains of Paleogene gekkotans. A clarification about the type material of the previously described species Cadurcogekko verus Bolet, Daza, Augé & Bauer, 2015, is provided. A new species of lacertids is established, Pseudeumeces kyrillomethodicus n. sp. Additional, large lacertid material is referred to Mediolacerta Augé, 2005, representing also the largest one attributable to this genus. At least two glyptosaurine taxa are present in this collection, among which, the genus Paraplacosauriops Augé & Sullivan, 2006, is represented by exceptional cranial material, referred to Paraplacosauriops quercyi (Filhol, 1882). The completeness of the cranial material of Paraplacosauriops permits a more comprehensive understanding of its maxillary and mandibular anatomy. A detailed documentation of cranial and postcranial material for the genus Palaeovaranus Zittel, 1887-1890, is conducted. The new maxilla described herein allows a better understanding of the peculiar maxillary features of the genus Palaeovaranus. Emended diagnoses are provided for the genus Palaeovaranus and its type species Palaeovaranus cayluxi Zittel, 1887-1890. The parietal morphology of Palaeovaranus is analyzed in detail and intraspecific variation in this element is assessed. A new species of Palaeovaranus is established, Palaeovaranus lismonimenos n. sp., on the basis of an almost complete parietal that can be differentiated from that of Palaeovaranus cayluxi on the basis of a number of distinctive features. Additional, previously published specimens from Quercy are here referred to Palaeovaranus lismonimenos n. sp., representing younger individuals of this species, and photographs of this material is provided for the first time. The diversity of platynotans in the Paleogene of Europe is discussed and their distinction on the basis of parietal morphology is provided. According to the new emended diagnosis for Palaeovaranus, the genus Melanosauroides Kuhn, 1940, is revalidated herein to accommodate Melanosauroides giganteus Kuhn, 1940, from the late early or middle Eocene of Geiseltal, Germany. So far, Melanosauroides giganteus is solely known from its type area in Geiseltal, and all previously supposed occurrences of this taxon in Quercy are discarded. Abundant anguimorph vertebral material is referred to Placosaurus sp., Melanosaurini indet., Anguinae indet., Palaeovaranus sp., Saniwa sp., and Anguimorpha indet., although it is highlighted that certain of these referrals should be taken into consideration with caution. Especially, the problem of certain large isolated lizard vertebrae from Quercy is addressed; a tentative, potential distinction between vertebrae of the genera Palaeovaranus and Placosaurus Gervais, 1848-1852, is suggested, although admittedly only articulated skeletons of these genera may confirm or refute such taxonomic referrals. The importance of fossil squamates from the area of the Phosphorites du Quercy is highlighted. Detailed figuring of the specimens is provided through the means of both photography and micro-CT scanning, with 3D models of the most significant material also presented. This is the first time that micro-CT scanning is conducted on fossil squamates from Quercy. The many figures provided in this paper may serve as a pictorial key guide for fossil lizards from the Paleogene of Europe.
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来源期刊
Geodiversitas
Geodiversitas 地学-古生物学
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.60%
发文量
31
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Geodiversitas is a fully electronic journal, with a continuous publication stream, devoted to varied aspects of Earth Sciences. It publishes original results particularly on systematics, phylogeny, paleobiodiversity and paleoenvironment. Thematic issues may also be published under the responsibility of a guest editor.
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