旧金山湾-三角洲系统淡水至海洋梯度有害藻华的现状、趋势和驱动因素

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
R. Kudela, M. Howard, S. Monismith, H. Paerl
{"title":"旧金山湾-三角洲系统淡水至海洋梯度有害藻华的现状、趋势和驱动因素","authors":"R. Kudela, M. Howard, S. Monismith, H. Paerl","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2023v20iss4art6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are on the rise worldwide. Known drivers for the proliferation and intensification of HAB events include increasing nutrient pollution, climate change, regulation and modification of hydrological flow, and the combined effect of climate drivers and nutrient pollution. The San Francisco Bay–Delta system has largely been immune to severe or acute HAB events, but there is both a potential and realized threat which has been underestimated and under-reported, in part because of the lack of coordinated sampling and data reporting. There is also increasing evidence that HABs must be considered in the context of a freshwater-to-marine continuum, and that the physical and political boundaries separating components of the Bay–Delta system are porous barriers to HABs and their toxins. Much remains to be learned about the ecology and physiology of HAB organisms in this system, but five primary environmental drivers can be identified: temperature, salinity, irradiance, nutrients, and stratification/residence time. All these drivers are responding rapidly to climate change, but nutrients are the primary variable that is largely under human control. Plans for the development of a comprehensive monitoring, prediction, and mitigation strategy across the freshwater-to-marine continuum have been documented; effectively following through on these plans provides a roadmap toward identifying the drivers and threats—and reducing the potential consequences now and in the future. While HABs alone are not a sufficient motivator for potentially costly and extensive mitigation efforts, there is strong evidence that decreasing nutrient loads, maintaining hydrological connectivity while minimizing stagnant regions, and managing the biota to maintain biodiversity of the Bay–Delta system will result in multiple co-benefits, including reduction of the HAB threat potential.","PeriodicalId":38364,"journal":{"name":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Status, Trends, and Drivers of Harmful Algal Blooms Along the Freshwater-to-Marine Gradient in the San Francisco Bay–Delta System\",\"authors\":\"R. Kudela, M. Howard, S. Monismith, H. Paerl\",\"doi\":\"10.15447/sfews.2023v20iss4art6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are on the rise worldwide. Known drivers for the proliferation and intensification of HAB events include increasing nutrient pollution, climate change, regulation and modification of hydrological flow, and the combined effect of climate drivers and nutrient pollution. The San Francisco Bay–Delta system has largely been immune to severe or acute HAB events, but there is both a potential and realized threat which has been underestimated and under-reported, in part because of the lack of coordinated sampling and data reporting. There is also increasing evidence that HABs must be considered in the context of a freshwater-to-marine continuum, and that the physical and political boundaries separating components of the Bay–Delta system are porous barriers to HABs and their toxins. Much remains to be learned about the ecology and physiology of HAB organisms in this system, but five primary environmental drivers can be identified: temperature, salinity, irradiance, nutrients, and stratification/residence time. All these drivers are responding rapidly to climate change, but nutrients are the primary variable that is largely under human control. Plans for the development of a comprehensive monitoring, prediction, and mitigation strategy across the freshwater-to-marine continuum have been documented; effectively following through on these plans provides a roadmap toward identifying the drivers and threats—and reducing the potential consequences now and in the future. While HABs alone are not a sufficient motivator for potentially costly and extensive mitigation efforts, there is strong evidence that decreasing nutrient loads, maintaining hydrological connectivity while minimizing stagnant regions, and managing the biota to maintain biodiversity of the Bay–Delta system will result in multiple co-benefits, including reduction of the HAB threat potential.\",\"PeriodicalId\":38364,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-02-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2023v20iss4art6\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Agricultural and Biological Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2023v20iss4art6","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

有害藻华(HABs)在世界范围内呈上升趋势。已知的赤潮事件扩散和加剧的驱动因素包括营养物污染增加、气候变化、水文流量的调节和改变以及气候驱动因素和营养物污染的综合效应。旧金山湾三角洲系统基本上不受严重或急性赤潮事件的影响,但潜在和已实现的威胁都被低估和报告不足,部分原因是缺乏协调的抽样和数据报告。也有越来越多的证据表明,必须在淡水到海洋连续体的背景下考虑有害藻华,并且分隔海湾三角洲系统组成部分的物理和政治边界是对有害藻华及其毒素的多孔屏障。关于该系统中HAB生物的生态学和生理学还有很多有待研究,但可以确定五个主要的环境驱动因素:温度、盐度、辐照度、营养物质和分层/停留时间。所有这些驱动因素都在迅速响应气候变化,但营养物质是主要的变量,在很大程度上是由人类控制的。制定淡水-海洋连续体全面监测、预测和缓解战略的计划已成文;有效地遵循这些计划为识别驱动因素和威胁提供了路线图,并减少了现在和未来的潜在后果。虽然赤潮本身不足以推动可能代价高昂的广泛缓解努力,但有强有力的证据表明,减少营养负荷、保持水文连通性,同时尽量减少停滞区,以及管理生物群以维持海湾三角洲系统的生物多样性,将产生多种协同效益,包括减少赤潮的潜在威胁。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Status, Trends, and Drivers of Harmful Algal Blooms Along the Freshwater-to-Marine Gradient in the San Francisco Bay–Delta System
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are on the rise worldwide. Known drivers for the proliferation and intensification of HAB events include increasing nutrient pollution, climate change, regulation and modification of hydrological flow, and the combined effect of climate drivers and nutrient pollution. The San Francisco Bay–Delta system has largely been immune to severe or acute HAB events, but there is both a potential and realized threat which has been underestimated and under-reported, in part because of the lack of coordinated sampling and data reporting. There is also increasing evidence that HABs must be considered in the context of a freshwater-to-marine continuum, and that the physical and political boundaries separating components of the Bay–Delta system are porous barriers to HABs and their toxins. Much remains to be learned about the ecology and physiology of HAB organisms in this system, but five primary environmental drivers can be identified: temperature, salinity, irradiance, nutrients, and stratification/residence time. All these drivers are responding rapidly to climate change, but nutrients are the primary variable that is largely under human control. Plans for the development of a comprehensive monitoring, prediction, and mitigation strategy across the freshwater-to-marine continuum have been documented; effectively following through on these plans provides a roadmap toward identifying the drivers and threats—and reducing the potential consequences now and in the future. While HABs alone are not a sufficient motivator for potentially costly and extensive mitigation efforts, there is strong evidence that decreasing nutrient loads, maintaining hydrological connectivity while minimizing stagnant regions, and managing the biota to maintain biodiversity of the Bay–Delta system will result in multiple co-benefits, including reduction of the HAB threat potential.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science
San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
审稿时长
24 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信