为新闻自由服务还是为帝国议程服务?津巴布韦新闻业的压迫和殖民主义谈判

IF 1.3 Q1 Social Sciences
Khanyile Mlotshwa
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引用次数: 4

摘要

在津巴布韦,与媒体表现的规范期望有关的意识形态差异历来是围绕新闻自由和媒体行动主义的辩论和斗争的核心。一方面,倾向于民族主义政治的政治领导人指责媒体和媒体活动家(大多是公民社会组织(cso)的一部分)从事殖民工作。在某些情况下,私人媒体被定性为帝国主义的走狗。另一方面,媒体活动人士和记者指责政府通过严厉的法律和逮捕记者,限制了媒体工作中有意义参与的空间。这些活动人士和记者,在意识形态上大多站在自由市场的立场上,对媒体和政治有自由的理解,他们还指责政府使用软策略,比如让私营报纸失去政府广告和随之而来的巨额收入。津巴布韦前总统罗伯特·穆加贝(Robert Mugabe)在这场意识形态战争中已经尽其所能。他指责私营媒体与西方媒体勾结,玷污国家形象。反过来,他被描述为媒体的刽子手。本文结合档案研究和对记者、媒体活动人士和政治家的深入访谈,对这场意识形态斗争进行了历史性的描述,并试图探讨津巴布韦新闻自由和媒体活动的意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
In the Service of Press Freedom or the Imperial Agenda? Negotiating Repression and Coloniality in Zimbabwean Journalism
Ideological differences relating to the normative expectations of media performance in Zimbabwe have, historically, been at the heart of debates and struggles around press freedom and media activism. On one hand, political leaders, who lean towards nationalist politics, have accused the media and media activists who are mostly part of the Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), of undertaking colonial work. In some cases, the private media have been characterised as running dogs of imperialism. On the other hand, media activists and journalists, have accused the government of limiting the space for meaningful engagement in media work through harsh laws and the arrests of journalists. These activists and journalists, ideologically located mostly in the terrain of a free market liberal understanding of media and politics, have also accused the government of using soft strategies such as starving private newspapers of government advertising and the huge revenue that comes with it. Former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe has given as good as he has got in this ideological war. He has accused the private media of colluding with the Western media to tarnish the image of the country. In turn, he has been described as a media hangman. Using a combination of archival research and in-depth interviews with journalists, media activists and politicians, this paper gives a historicised account of this ideological struggle and seeks to engage with questions concerning the meaning of press freedom and media activism in Zimbabwe.
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