Recent innovations in surface topography

In this review we provide a general review of current research themes where complex surface topography plays a role. Recent innovations and research possibilities have opened up using modern micro topography creation techniques. We are considering a large range of themes in limited depth in order to provide an introduction and to illustrate how broad the field is and to those already working in the area to help gain a broad perspective. Due to the breadth of scope this review will not go into much depth into any given area. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and practical guidance on the modern use of micro and nano-topography to control water, adhesion, wettability, control of biological adhesion including implants, cell culture and biofouling and directional fluid transport. The broad range of functionality is highlighted in the many interfacial interactions, however, the manufacturing scale to allow these surfaces to be commonly used is still in development. In order to make it more accessible we have chosen to concentrate on open access articles to cite.