Clustering analysis of game-based learning: Worth it for all students?

Game-based learning has proven to be effective for enhancing student motivation and learning outcomes. In this study, the authors first designed and then tested a 3D virtual world-based video game to support students in learning a foreign language. Two data mining clustering techniques are used to analyse the impact of the game on learning processes and outcomes. The aim is to classify students according to learning outcomes, by comparing specific language competencies, such as the grammar, vocabulary and writing, before, during and after a case study. The case study used here involved 102 undergraduate German language students from the A1.2 level (CEFR). The results obtained from the application of two different clustering techniques indicate that learners do not all benefit from game-based learning in the same way; some students might better develop language competencies through more conventional and guided learning approaches.