Primjena i modeliranje sustava s biofilmom u obradi otpadnih voda

Uporaba mikroorganizama u obliku biofilma sve je češći način biološke obrade jer reaktori s biofilmom na nosačima daju zadovoljavajuće rezultate obrade otpadnih voda različitog podrijetla te se intenzivno istražuju i unaprjeđuju. Dizajn uređaja za obradu otpadnih voda, unaprjeđenje postojećih reaktora i njihove učinkovitosti te rješavanje problematičnih točaka pri obradi otpadnih voda olakšano je matematičkim modeliranjem pomoću dostupnih modela, ovisno o njegovoj svrsi. Modeliranje u praksi zahtijeva promišljanje i prilagodbu modelu i njegovim pretpostavkama te postaje nezamjenjiv dio modernih istraživanja i izgradnje sustava za obradu otpadne vode. ABSTRACT Increasingly stringent regulatory requirements, greater wastewater generation, and limited space necessitate new wastewater treatment processes. Biofilm-based treatment technologies have prov en to be efficient and applicable. The results of wastewater treatment using biofilm reactors with different types of carriers and the associated community of microorganisms support their use for wastewater treatment of different origins and degradation products present. Biofilm formation begins with the adsorption of molecules on the surface to form a film that can have several effects, such as altering surface properties and suppressing or enhancing the release of toxic metal ions from the surface. Subsequently, the microorganisms begin to coalesce into a microcolony and then into a three-dimensional biofilm structure. The biofilm cells detach from the structure and form a new biofilm. Common to is the sludge easy handling, higher of protection of microorganisms from environmental changes and allowing the growth of slow-growing microorganisms, which are important for the degradation of complex compounds. Although modelling of biofilm reactors is not uniform, there are instructions for the most accurate modelling, so the results obtained are useful and reduce the time for modelling as well as for design/improvement of the plant and thus saving resources. The number of models available is increasing, and the choice depends on their purpose and the expertise of the operator.