Potential and Harmful Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle on Health: A Brief Note

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are formed in vast amounts worldwide for usage in several applications. They possess excellent photocatalytic properties, high chemical stability, and a wide bandgap, making them highly effective in environmental remediation and solar energy conversion. TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit biocompatibility, allowing their utilization in biomedical uses, such as molecular imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Chemical methods, such as hydrothermal, sol-gel, and chemical vapor deposition, provide versatility in controlling nanoparticle size, morphology, and crystallinity. They offer relatively lower production costs, scalability, and the ability to incorporate dopants or functionalize the nanoparticle surface. Their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio enable enhanced reactivity and surface functionality, facilitating their incorporation into composite materials and surface coatings for improved performance. Regarding the potential toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles, the bulk form of TiO2 is considered safe for human consumption, but the reduced size of nanoparticles raises concerns about their potential adverse effects. TiO2 nanoparticles strongly depend on factors, such as particle size, surface modifications, exposure route, and duration. Therefore, continued research is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity mechanisms and develop strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects, ensuring the safe and responsible utilization of TiO2 nanoparticles in different fields.