P. Hîrtopanu, D. Dumitraş, Ştefan Marincea, N. Călin
{"title":"来自卡尼克、喀尔巴阡山东部和罗马尼亚的伊奈石、胡贝石、锐锌石、脱叶石和锰铝石","authors":"P. Hîrtopanu, D. Dumitraş, Ştefan Marincea, N. Călin","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/230","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The rare minerals, inesite, Ca2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O, hubeite, Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si4O12(OH)·2H2O, and ruizite, Ca2Mn3+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O, were determined, for the first time, by optical and XRD analyses, at Cavnic (Baia Mare Neogene metallogenetic district, Eastern Carpathians, Romania) in a gold-bearing, base metal deposit. Inesite was refined as triclinic, in space group P1 (2), and has the following unit-cell parameters (refined from X-ray powder diffraction data): a = 8.927(7) Å, b = 9.245(8) Å, c = 11.954(9) Å; α = 91.80(2)°, β = 132.60(1)°, γ = 94.37(3)°, V = 719.45(12)Å3. Hubeite was also refined as triclinic, in space group P1, and has as unit-cell parameters: a = 9.960(7) Å, b = 13.870(9) Å, c = 6.562(4) Å, V = 601.19(17) Å3; α = 133.19(5)°, β =101.50(3)°, γ = 66.27(4)°. Ruizite was refined on a monoclinic cell, space group A2 (5) and has the following unit-cell parameters: a = 11.974(9)Å, b = 6.175(5)Å, c = 9.052(7)Å, V = 669.12 (9)Å3; β = 91.34(3)°. Apophyllite, KCa4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O, is tetragonal, space group P4/mnc (128), and has a = 8.960(3) Å, c = 15.767(7) Å and V = 1265.80(11) Å3. The terms identified represent a solid solutions series between the two end-members, fluorapophyllite and hydroxyapophyllite. Manganoan ilvaite, CaFe2+Fe3+(Fe2+, Mn)(Si2O7)(O)(OH), crystallizes in the space group Pnam (62), and has as unit-cell parameters: a = 13.008(7) Å; b = 8.865(5) Å; c = 5.845(3) Å, V = 674.02(9) Å3. The textural relations of inesite /hubeite/ruizite /apophyllite/manganoan ilvaite assemblage show that the oldest mineral is manganoan ilvaite, as inesite and hubeite overgrow and engulf this mineral. Hubeite is indicative for mildly oxidizing crystallization, conditions. Both hubeite and ruizite are Ca-Mn hydrated silicates. However, all Mn is divalent in hubeite and trivalent in ruizite. In addition, ruizite is Fe-free, whereas hubeite contains significant Fe3+. Ruizite Ca2Mn3+Si4O11(OH)4.2H2O was formed under higher oxidizing conditions as compared with hubeite. Sudoite and specularite also occurs in this oxidized assemblage. Sudoite, Mg2(Al.Fe3+)3Si3O10(OH)8, is monoclinic and has as space group C2m (12) and as unit-cell parameters a = 5.237(2) Å, b = 9.070(5) Å, c = 14.285(8), β = 97.00, V = 673.47(14) Å3. The carbonate closely associated to this assemblage is a Mn- and Ca-bearing siderite, which crystallizes in space group R-3c (167), having as unit-cell parameters: a = 4.694(1) Å; c = 15.386(5) Å, and V = 293.53(13) Å3. The secondary minerals occurring in this assemblage as determined by X-ray powder diffraction are: gold, sphalerite, pyrite, and galena. The origin of vein assemblage inesite /hubeite /ruizite /apophyllite is hydrothermal (epithermal); there exist indications of a genesis at low temperature, around 200°C. The assemblage indicated before is grown on manganoan ilvaite, which is the oldest mineral in this association. There are no signs of the genesis of manganoan ilvaite /inesite /hubeite /ruizite assemblage at the expense of higher T anhydrous manganese minerals such as rhodonite or johannsenite.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"INESITE, HUBEITE, RUIZITE, APOPHYLLITE, AND MANGANOAN ILVAITE FROM CAVNIC, EASTERN CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA\",\"authors\":\"P. Hîrtopanu, D. Dumitraş, Ştefan Marincea, N. Călin\",\"doi\":\"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/230\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The rare minerals, inesite, Ca2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O, hubeite, Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si4O12(OH)·2H2O, and ruizite, Ca2Mn3+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O, were determined, for the first time, by optical and XRD analyses, at Cavnic (Baia Mare Neogene metallogenetic district, Eastern Carpathians, Romania) in a gold-bearing, base metal deposit. Inesite was refined as triclinic, in space group P1 (2), and has the following unit-cell parameters (refined from X-ray powder diffraction data): a = 8.927(7) Å, b = 9.245(8) Å, c = 11.954(9) Å; α = 91.80(2)°, β = 132.60(1)°, γ = 94.37(3)°, V = 719.45(12)Å3. Hubeite was also refined as triclinic, in space group P1, and has as unit-cell parameters: a = 9.960(7) Å, b = 13.870(9) Å, c = 6.562(4) Å, V = 601.19(17) Å3; α = 133.19(5)°, β =101.50(3)°, γ = 66.27(4)°. Ruizite was refined on a monoclinic cell, space group A2 (5) and has the following unit-cell parameters: a = 11.974(9)Å, b = 6.175(5)Å, c = 9.052(7)Å, V = 669.12 (9)Å3; β = 91.34(3)°. Apophyllite, KCa4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O, is tetragonal, space group P4/mnc (128), and has a = 8.960(3) Å, c = 15.767(7) Å and V = 1265.80(11) Å3. The terms identified represent a solid solutions series between the two end-members, fluorapophyllite and hydroxyapophyllite. Manganoan ilvaite, CaFe2+Fe3+(Fe2+, Mn)(Si2O7)(O)(OH), crystallizes in the space group Pnam (62), and has as unit-cell parameters: a = 13.008(7) Å; b = 8.865(5) Å; c = 5.845(3) Å, V = 674.02(9) Å3. The textural relations of inesite /hubeite/ruizite /apophyllite/manganoan ilvaite assemblage show that the oldest mineral is manganoan ilvaite, as inesite and hubeite overgrow and engulf this mineral. Hubeite is indicative for mildly oxidizing crystallization, conditions. Both hubeite and ruizite are Ca-Mn hydrated silicates. However, all Mn is divalent in hubeite and trivalent in ruizite. In addition, ruizite is Fe-free, whereas hubeite contains significant Fe3+. Ruizite Ca2Mn3+Si4O11(OH)4.2H2O was formed under higher oxidizing conditions as compared with hubeite. Sudoite and specularite also occurs in this oxidized assemblage. Sudoite, Mg2(Al.Fe3+)3Si3O10(OH)8, is monoclinic and has as space group C2m (12) and as unit-cell parameters a = 5.237(2) Å, b = 9.070(5) Å, c = 14.285(8), β = 97.00, V = 673.47(14) Å3. The carbonate closely associated to this assemblage is a Mn- and Ca-bearing siderite, which crystallizes in space group R-3c (167), having as unit-cell parameters: a = 4.694(1) Å; c = 15.386(5) Å, and V = 293.53(13) Å3. The secondary minerals occurring in this assemblage as determined by X-ray powder diffraction are: gold, sphalerite, pyrite, and galena. The origin of vein assemblage inesite /hubeite /ruizite /apophyllite is hydrothermal (epithermal); there exist indications of a genesis at low temperature, around 200°C. The assemblage indicated before is grown on manganoan ilvaite, which is the oldest mineral in this association. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在罗马尼亚东喀尔巴阡山脉巴亚马雷新近系成矿区Cavnic,首次用光学和x射线衍射方法测定了含金基本金属矿床中稀有矿物钙镁石(Ca2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O)、胡贝石(Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si4O12(OH)·2H2O)和瑞子石(Ca2Mn3+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O)。Inesite被细化为三斜,在空间群P1(2)中,具有以下单位胞参数(从x射线粉末衍射数据中细化):a = 8.927(7) Å, b = 9.245(8) Å, c = 11.954(9) Å;α= 91.80(2)°,β= 132.60(1)°,γ= 94.37(3)°,V = 719.45 (12) A3。Hubeite也被细化为三斜,在空间群P1中,其单位胞参数为:a = 9.960(7) Å, b = 13.870(9) Å, c = 6.562(4) Å, V = 601.19(17) Å3;α = 133.19(5)°,β =101.50(3)°,γ = 66.27(4)°。瑞兹特在单斜细胞空间群A2(5)上提纯,其胞元参数为:a = 11.974(9)Å, b = 6.175(5)Å, c = 9.052(7)Å, V = 669.12 (9)Å3;β = 91.34(3)°。apophylite KCa4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O为四边形,空间群P4/mnc (128), a = 8.960(3) Å, c = 15.767(7) Å, V = 1265.80(11) Å3。所确定的术语代表两个端元之间的固溶体系列,氟磷灰石和羟基磷灰石。锰酸盐CaFe2+Fe3+(Fe2+, Mn)(Si2O7)(O)(OH)在Pnam(62)空间群中结晶,其晶胞参数为:a = 13.008(7) Å;B = 8.865(5) Å;c = 5.845(3) Å, V = 674.02(9) Å3。铁辉石/胡白石/瑞子石/刺绿石/锰铁云母组合的结构关系表明,铁辉石和胡白石包裹着最古老的锰铁云母矿物。湖白石为指示性轻度氧化结晶,有条件。胡白石和瑞锌矿均为钙锰水合硅酸盐。然而,所有的锰在胡白石中是二价的,在瑞子石中是三价的。此外,瑞子石不含铁,而胡贝石含铁较多。瑞子石Ca2Mn3+Si4O11(OH)4.2H2O在较高的氧化条件下生成。在这个氧化组合中也有苏多岩和镜铁矿。苏多石Mg2(Al.Fe3+)3Si3O10(OH)8为单斜晶,空间群为C2m(12),胞元参数为a = 5.237(2) Å, b = 9.070(5) Å, c = 14.285(8), β = 97.00, V = 673.47(14) Å3。与该组合密切相关的碳酸盐是一种含锰和含钙菱铁矿,在空间群R-3c(167)中结晶,其单胞参数为:a = 4.694(1) Å;c = 15.386(5) Å, V = 293.53(13) Å3。经x射线粉末衍射测定,该组合中的次生矿物有:金、闪锌矿、黄铁矿和方铅矿。脉状组合辉绿岩/胡贝岩/瑞子岩/刺绿岩的成因为热液(浅成热液);存在低温成因的迹象,约为200°C。前面指出的组合生长在锰铁上,这是该组合中最古老的矿物。未发现锰矿/钛辉石/胡贝石/瑞子石组合的成因,而高T无水锰矿物如菱铁矿或约翰长石的形成则被忽略。
INESITE, HUBEITE, RUIZITE, APOPHYLLITE, AND MANGANOAN ILVAITE FROM CAVNIC, EASTERN CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA
The rare minerals, inesite, Ca2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O, hubeite, Ca2Mn2+Fe3+Si4O12(OH)·2H2O, and ruizite, Ca2Mn3+Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O, were determined, for the first time, by optical and XRD analyses, at Cavnic (Baia Mare Neogene metallogenetic district, Eastern Carpathians, Romania) in a gold-bearing, base metal deposit. Inesite was refined as triclinic, in space group P1 (2), and has the following unit-cell parameters (refined from X-ray powder diffraction data): a = 8.927(7) Å, b = 9.245(8) Å, c = 11.954(9) Å; α = 91.80(2)°, β = 132.60(1)°, γ = 94.37(3)°, V = 719.45(12)Å3. Hubeite was also refined as triclinic, in space group P1, and has as unit-cell parameters: a = 9.960(7) Å, b = 13.870(9) Å, c = 6.562(4) Å, V = 601.19(17) Å3; α = 133.19(5)°, β =101.50(3)°, γ = 66.27(4)°. Ruizite was refined on a monoclinic cell, space group A2 (5) and has the following unit-cell parameters: a = 11.974(9)Å, b = 6.175(5)Å, c = 9.052(7)Å, V = 669.12 (9)Å3; β = 91.34(3)°. Apophyllite, KCa4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O, is tetragonal, space group P4/mnc (128), and has a = 8.960(3) Å, c = 15.767(7) Å and V = 1265.80(11) Å3. The terms identified represent a solid solutions series between the two end-members, fluorapophyllite and hydroxyapophyllite. Manganoan ilvaite, CaFe2+Fe3+(Fe2+, Mn)(Si2O7)(O)(OH), crystallizes in the space group Pnam (62), and has as unit-cell parameters: a = 13.008(7) Å; b = 8.865(5) Å; c = 5.845(3) Å, V = 674.02(9) Å3. The textural relations of inesite /hubeite/ruizite /apophyllite/manganoan ilvaite assemblage show that the oldest mineral is manganoan ilvaite, as inesite and hubeite overgrow and engulf this mineral. Hubeite is indicative for mildly oxidizing crystallization, conditions. Both hubeite and ruizite are Ca-Mn hydrated silicates. However, all Mn is divalent in hubeite and trivalent in ruizite. In addition, ruizite is Fe-free, whereas hubeite contains significant Fe3+. Ruizite Ca2Mn3+Si4O11(OH)4.2H2O was formed under higher oxidizing conditions as compared with hubeite. Sudoite and specularite also occurs in this oxidized assemblage. Sudoite, Mg2(Al.Fe3+)3Si3O10(OH)8, is monoclinic and has as space group C2m (12) and as unit-cell parameters a = 5.237(2) Å, b = 9.070(5) Å, c = 14.285(8), β = 97.00, V = 673.47(14) Å3. The carbonate closely associated to this assemblage is a Mn- and Ca-bearing siderite, which crystallizes in space group R-3c (167), having as unit-cell parameters: a = 4.694(1) Å; c = 15.386(5) Å, and V = 293.53(13) Å3. The secondary minerals occurring in this assemblage as determined by X-ray powder diffraction are: gold, sphalerite, pyrite, and galena. The origin of vein assemblage inesite /hubeite /ruizite /apophyllite is hydrothermal (epithermal); there exist indications of a genesis at low temperature, around 200°C. The assemblage indicated before is grown on manganoan ilvaite, which is the oldest mineral in this association. There are no signs of the genesis of manganoan ilvaite /inesite /hubeite /ruizite assemblage at the expense of higher T anhydrous manganese minerals such as rhodonite or johannsenite.
期刊介绍:
The publishing of CARPATHIAN JOURNAL of EARTH and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES has started in 2006. The regularity of this magazine is biannual. The magazine will publish scientific works, in international purposes, in different areas of research, such as : geology, geography, environmental sciences, the environmental pollution and protection, environmental chemistry and physic, environmental biodegradation, climatic exchanges, fighting against natural disasters, protected areas, soil degradation, water quality, water supplies, sustainable development.