Review of the Dynamics and Progress of World Drought Climate Research (II): Main Research Advances
引用次数: 3
摘要
As a continuation of the review of the dynamics and progress of world arid climate research (II), this article will further vertically review the main research progress of the world's arid climate in five core areas: drought index, division and distribution of arid regions, changes in arid climate, causes and predictions. The key points are as follows: (1) Several countries have proposed dozens of effective drought indices; For example, the Palmer Drought Intensity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and Satellite Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the United States, especially the former, have been widely used both domestically and internationally. (2) When dividing arid areas in contemporary times, the effective humidity criterion P/PET has been increasingly used; Among the nearly 10 existing world drought zoning maps, Meigs and Hulme and Marsh's maps are closer to reality and have more users; Especially the latter. The world's arid and semi-arid regions account for about 35% of the total land area and can be divided into eight major arid regions, including North Africa, Australia, and Central Mongolia. (3) The global climate change in the past millennium (especially in the past century) is characterized by consistent global warming and more temporal and spatial changes in precipitation climate; In the past century, the global average warming has increased by 0.56~0.92 ℃; The global warming is mainly attributed to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions such as CO2; There has been little change in global drought over the past 60 years; The temperature and humidity climate changes in various arid regions often have two combined types at the interannual/interdecadal scale: warming to dryness and warming to wetness. (4) The causes of arid climate in the world can be mainly divided into two categories: tropical sea surface temperature and topographic effects, with North Africa and the arid regions of Central Mongolia being representative of these two categories; Global sea surface temperature (especially warm sea surface temperature in tropical regions) and excessive land use are the main and secondary causes of the severe drought in South Sahar, respectively; The topography and circulation of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are the main and secondary causes of drought formation in China and Mongolia, respectively. (5) The key to predicting arid climate is to focus on the prediction of inter generational droughts, which still requires a combination of synoptic, statistical, and dynamic extended predictions.本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。
世界干旱气候研究动态及进展综述(II):主要研究进展
作为世界干旱气候研究动态及进展综述的续篇（Ⅱ），本文将进一步从纵向评述世界干旱气候在干旱指数、干旱区划分及分布、干旱气候变化、成因及预测等5核心内容的主要研究进展。要点如下：（1）各国先后共已提出了几十种有效的干旱指数；例如美国的Palmer干旱强度指数PDSI、标准化的降水指数SPI及卫星植被指数NDVI，特别是最前者，它们已在国内外获广泛应用。（2）当代划分干旱区时，已更多使用有效湿度判据P/PET；在近10种已有的世界干旱区划图中，以Meigs及Hulme and Marsh的图更接近实际，使用者更多；特别是后者。世界干旱半干旱区占全球陆地总面积的35%左右，可分北非、澳大利亚及中蒙等8大干旱区。（3）近千年（特别近百年）的全球气候变化是以全球气温一致变暖，降水气候则更多时、空间变化为主要特征的；近百年全球平均增暖了0.56~0.92℃；全球增暖主要归因于温室气体CO2等排放量增加；过去60年全球干旱变化甚微；各干旱区的温、湿气候变化在年际/年代际尺度上常有增暖变干及增暖变湿两组合型。（4）世界干旱气候成因主要可分为热带海温及地形影响两大类，北非及中蒙干旱区分别是该两类的代表；全球海温（特别是热带各海区的暖海温）及土地的过度利用分别是南撒哈尔大旱的主要及次要成因；而青藏高原等地形及环流则分别是中蒙干旱形成的主要及次要成因。（5）干旱气候预测重点要抓年代际干旱的预测，其预测仍要走天气学、统计学及动力学延伸预测相结合之路。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
4385
期刊介绍：
Plateau Meteorology is a bimonthly academic journal with ISSN 1000-0534 and CN 62-1061/P since 1982. The journal is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, sponsored by the Northwest Institute of Ecology and Environmental Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and published by Science Press. It is dedicated to disseminating the knowledge of plateau meteorological science and promoting the development of plateau atmospheric science, aiming to meet the needs of plateau atmospheric scientific research and meteorological operations, as well as to promote the development of atmospheric science and related disciplines and the growth of talents. The journal pays special attention to new results, new ideas and new progress in the disciplines of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Meteorology and Mountain Meteorology, and covers the fields of weather and climate theory, observation, forecast prediction methods, global climate change, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric lightning. Priority is given to the publication of innovative research results funded by the National Knowledge Innovation Project, National Major Research Projects and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The journal is equipped with columns of academic papers, short essays, research briefs, academic discussions and comprehensive reviews, and is aimed at scientific and technical personnel in meteorology and related fields, operational personnel, and teachers and students of higher education institutions. Plateau Meteorology is included in several databases, including Chinese Core Journals, Chinese Science Citation Database, China Science and Technology Papers and Citation Database (Core Board), RCCSE Chinese Core Academic Journals, Chinese Academic Journals (CD-ROM), Scopus Database, EBSCO (USA), and Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Database.
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