非正式经济简史

IF 1.3 Q3 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
J. Breman
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引用次数: 1

摘要

大约半个世纪前,非正规经济中的就业被定义为非正规经济。作为城市劳动力的一个部门,其定义是对描述性特征的总结,这些特征表明了全球南方被剥夺了大部分或全部生产资料的人们是如何通过出售劳动力来谋生的。对他们困境的调查聚焦于农民经济社会向后农民经济社会的转型。预期的向上流动性本应受到集体行动议价能力的推动,但却没有实现。相反,劳动关系没有扩大形式化。得到正规和规范就业的促进和保护的一小部分人受到了信息化的影响。在20世纪最后25年以来新自由主义资本主义的冲击下,劳动力弹性化和临时化不仅在全球南方加剧,而且蔓延到全球北方。新政策结束了国家曾经发展起来的在资本和劳动力利益之间进行调解的中介,导致公共机构、空间和代表性在全球范围内缩小。虽然关于非正式性的辩论仍然集中在劳工和就业问题上,但我认为,企业资本与政府当局勾结,不仅实现了对有偿工作的放松管制,而且放弃了正式的法律规范,最终导致底层人民陷入无法无天的状态。在重组中,政治和治理都是大企业的利益相关者,在一个侵蚀平等、民主、公民权利、团结和全人类共同福祉的非正式制度中。关键词:资本主义;工会主义;公营部门福利主义;自由自在;自力更生
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Short History of the Informal Economy
When coined about half a century ago, employment in the informal economy was discussed by what it was not: formal. Addressed as a sector of the urban workforce, its definition was a summing up of descriptive traits which made manifest how people in the Global South, deprived of most or all means of production, earned their livelihood by selling their labour power. Investigating their predicament zoomed in on the restructuring of peasant economies and societies to post-peasant ones. The anticipated upward mobility, which was supposed to be boosted by the bargaining power of collective action, did not materialise. Rather than expanding formalisation of labour relations, the reverse took place. The small segment which had been promoted to and protected by regular and regulated employment was subjected to informalisation. In the onslaught of neo-liberal capitalism from the last quarter of the twentieth century onwards, labour flexibilisation and casualisation not only intensified in the Global South but also spread to the Global North. The new policies ended the brokerage which the nation–state once developed to mediate between the interests of capital and labour, leading to a worldwide shrinking of public institutions, space and representation. While the debate with regard to informality has remained firmly focused on labour and employment, I argue that corporate capital in collusion with étatist authority has not only effectuated the deregulation of paid work but also abandoned the legal code of formality ending in a state of lawlessness for the people at the bottom of the pile. In the reconfiguration, both politics and governance are next to big business as stakeholders in a regime of informality erosive of equality, democracy, civil rights, solidarity and shared well-being for humankind at large. KEYWORDS: Capitalism; trade unionism; public sector; welfarism; footloose; self-reliance
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来源期刊
Global Labour Journal
Global Labour Journal INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR-
自引率
12.50%
发文量
26
审稿时长
39 weeks
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