原型驱动的改变:德语弱名词的例子

IF 1 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
R. Schäfer
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引用次数: 9

摘要

近年来,基于多因素语料库的语法变化研究已成为认知导向语料库语言学的重要研究工具。例如,原型理论作为一种基于相似性和固有概率的语言分类理论,得到了研究的支持,这些研究表明,交替结构和项目经常发生,其概率受到原型形式、语义或语境因素的影响。在本文中,我根据原型理论分析了德语名词屈折的低频交替效应,基于现有文献的强有力假设,我将这些假设整合到基于使用的概率形态学的既定理论框架中,这使我们能够解释即使在看似规则的语法区域也能解释相似效应。具体来说,德语中所谓的弱阳性名词,遵循一种不同寻常的格标记模式,往往具有独特的词汇特性,偶尔出现在占主导地位的强阳性名词的形式中。使用来自90亿个token DECOW12A当代德语网络语料库的数据,我证明了这种交替的可能性受到语义、语音和范式特征存在与否的影响。令牌频率也显示对交替有影响,这与频率和堑壕之间关系的常见假设一致。我使用带有加权特征和多中心类别的原型理论版本,但我也讨论了这样的语料库数据是否可以作为支持或反对特定认知表征模型(原型与范例)的有力证据的问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prototype-driven alternations: The case of German weak nouns
Abstract Over the past years, multifactorial corpus-based explorations of alternations in grammar have become an accepted major tool in cognitively oriented corpus linguistics. For example, prototype theory as a theory of similarity-based and inherently probabilistic linguistic categorization has received support from studies showing that alternating constructions and items often occur with probabilities influenced by prototypical formal, semantic or contextual factors. In this paper, I analyze a low-frequency alternation effect in German noun inflection in terms of prototype theory, based on strong hypotheses from the existing literature that I integrate into an established theoretical framework of usage-based probabilistic morphology, which allows us to account for similarity effects even in seemingly regular areas of the grammar. Specifically, the so-called weak masculine nouns in German, which follow an unusual pattern of case marking and often have characteristic lexical properties, sporadically occur in forms of the dominant strong masculine nouns. Using data from the nine-billion-token DECOW12A web corpus of contemporary German, I demonstrate that the probability of the alternation is influenced by the presence or absence of semantic, phonotactic, and paradigmatic features. Token frequency is also shown to have an effect on the alternation, in line with common assumptions about the relation between frequency and entrenchment. I use a version of prototype theory with weighted features and polycentric categories, but I also discuss the question of whether such corpus data can be taken as strong evidence for or against specific models of cognitive representation (prototypes vs. exemplars).
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
12.50%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory (CLLT) is a peer-reviewed journal publishing high-quality original corpus-based research focusing on theoretically relevant issues in all core areas of linguistic research, or other recognized topic areas. It provides a forum for researchers from different theoretical backgrounds and different areas of interest that share a commitment to the systematic and exhaustive analysis of naturally occurring language. Contributions from all theoretical frameworks are welcome but they should be addressed at a general audience and thus be explicit about their assumptions and discovery procedures and provide sufficient theoretical background to be accessible to researchers from different frameworks. Topics Corpus Linguistics Quantitative Linguistics Phonology Morphology Semantics Syntax Pragmatics.
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