低剂量辐射效应

IF 6.1 Q1 TOXICOLOGY

Current Opinion in Toxicology Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cotox.2022.02.002

Shizuyo Sutou

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引用次数: 1

摘要

40亿年前，当生命出现时，地球是高度放射性的。即使在今天，所有的人类每秒都会受到2万次辐射袭击。虽然高剂量的辐射是有害的，但生物已经进化到不仅能忍受低剂量的辐射，而且还能从中受益(激效)。在各个方面，激效在所有物种中普遍存在。例如，日本原子弹幸存者(hibakusha)平均寿命更长，患癌症的风险更低。许多微生物在地下深处通过消耗辐射作为营养来源而茁壮成长。低剂量辐射(LDR)对治疗严重感染的COVID-19患者有效，但无效的线性无阈值模型(LNT)阻碍了LDR的充分有益利用。

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Low-dose radiation effects

The Earth was highly radioactive four billion years ago when life emerged. Even today, all humans are bombarded by 20,000 radiation strikes each second. Although high radiation doses are hazardous, organisms have evolved not only to tolerate lower-dose radiation but also to benefit by it (hormesis). Hormesis is prevailing in all species in various respects. An example is that hibakusha (Japanese A-bomb survivors) have longer lifespans and have lower risk of cancer, on average. Many microbes thrive in deep subsurface regions by consuming radiation as a source of nutrition. Low-dose radiation (LDR) is effective at treating severely affected COVID-19 patients, but the invalid linear no-threshold model (LNT) hinders the full beneficial use of LDR.

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Toxicology Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Toxicology

CiteScore

10.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The aims and scope of Current Opinion in Toxicology is to systematically provide the reader with timely and provocative views and opinions of the highest qualified and recognized experts on current advances in selected topics within the field of toxicology. The goal is that Current Opinion in Toxicology will be an invaluable source of information and perspective for researchers, teachers, managers and administrators, policy makers and students. Division of the subject into sections: For this purpose, the scope of Toxicology is divided into six selected high impact themed sections, each of which is reviewed once a year: Mechanistic Toxicology, Metabolic Toxicology, Risk assessment in Toxicology, Genomic Toxicology, Systems Toxicology, Translational Toxicology.