Wen Huang, Jian Li, X. Ye
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{"title":"正熵意味着任何无限序列上的混沌","authors":"Wen Huang, Jian Li, X. Ye","doi":"10.1090/mosc/315","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Let <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper G\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">G</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> be an infinite countable discrete amenable group. For any <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper G\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">G</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula>-action on a compact metric space <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"left-parenthesis upper X comma rho right-parenthesis\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>X</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">(X,\\rho )</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula>, it turns out that if the action has positive topological entropy, then for any sequence <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"left-brace s Subscript i Baseline right-brace Subscript i equals 1 Superscript plus normal infinity\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mo fence=\"false\" stretchy=\"false\">{</mml:mo>\n <mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\n </mml:msub>\n <mml:msubsup>\n <mml:mo fence=\"false\" stretchy=\"false\">}</mml:mo>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\n <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∞<!-- ∞ --></mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:msubsup>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">\\{s_i\\}_{i=1}^{+\\infty }</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> with pairwise distinct elements in <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper G\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">G</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> there exists a Cantor subset <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper K\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mi>K</mml:mi>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">K</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"upper X\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mi>X</mml:mi>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">X</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula> which is Li–Yorke chaotic along this sequence, that is, for any two distinct points <inline-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"x comma y element-of upper K\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>y</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mi>K</mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">x,y\\in K</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n</inline-formula>, one has <disp-formula content-type=\"math/mathml\">\n\\[\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" alttext=\"limit sup rho left-parenthesis s Subscript i Baseline x comma s Subscript i Baseline y right-parenthesis greater-than 0 and limit inf rho left-parenthesis s Subscript i Baseline x comma s Subscript i Baseline y right-parenthesis equals 0 period\">\n <mml:semantics>\n <mml:mrow>\n <mml:munder>\n <mml:mo movablelimits=\"true\" form=\"prefix\">lim sup</mml:mo>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">→<!-- → --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∞<!-- ∞ --></mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:munder>\n <mml:mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\n </mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\n </mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>y</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n <mml:mo>></mml:mo>\n <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\n <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>\n <mml:mtext>and</mml:mtext>\n <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>\n <mml:munder>\n <mml:mo movablelimits=\"true\" form=\"prefix\">lim inf</mml:mo>\n <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">→<!-- → --></mml:mo>\n <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∞<!-- ∞ --></mml:mi>\n </mml:mrow>\n </mml:munder>\n <mml:mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</mml:mo>\n <mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\n </mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\n <mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\n </mml:msub>\n <mml:mi>y</mml:mi>\n <mml:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml:mo>\n <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\n <mml:mn>0.</mml:mn>\n </mml:mrow>\n <mml:annotation encoding=\"application/x-tex\">\\limsup _{i\\to +\\infty }\\rho (s_i x,s_iy)>0\\ \\text {and}\\ \\liminf _{i\\to +\\infty }\\rho (s_ix,s_iy)=0.</mml:annotation>\n </mml:semantics>\n</mml:math>\n\\]\n</disp-formula></p>","PeriodicalId":37924,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Moscow Mathematical Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Positive entropy implies chaos along any infinite sequence\",\"authors\":\"Wen Huang, Jian Li, X. Ye\",\"doi\":\"10.1090/mosc/315\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Let <inline-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"upper G\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">G</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n</inline-formula> be an infinite countable discrete amenable group. For any <inline-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"upper G\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">G</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n</inline-formula>-action on a compact metric space <inline-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"left-parenthesis upper X comma rho right-parenthesis\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mrow>\\n <mml:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mi>X</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</mml:mo>\\n </mml:mrow>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">(X,\\\\rho )</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n</inline-formula>, it turns out that if the action has positive topological entropy, then for any sequence <inline-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"left-brace s Subscript i Baseline right-brace Subscript i equals 1 Superscript plus normal infinity\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mrow>\\n <mml:mo fence=\\\"false\\\" stretchy=\\\"false\\\">{</mml:mo>\\n <mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\\n </mml:msub>\\n <mml:msubsup>\\n <mml:mo fence=\\\"false\\\" stretchy=\\\"false\\\">}</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mrow class=\\\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\\\">\\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\\n </mml:mrow>\\n <mml:mrow class=\\\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\\\">\\n <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">∞<!-- ∞ --></mml:mi>\\n </mml:mrow>\\n </mml:msubsup>\\n </mml:mrow>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">\\\\{s_i\\\\}_{i=1}^{+\\\\infty }</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n</inline-formula> with pairwise distinct elements in <inline-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"upper G\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mi>G</mml:mi>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">G</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n</inline-formula> there exists a Cantor subset <inline-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"upper K\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mi>K</mml:mi>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">K</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n</inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"upper X\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mi>X</mml:mi>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">X</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n</inline-formula> which is Li–Yorke chaotic along this sequence, that is, for any two distinct points <inline-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"x comma y element-of upper K\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mrow>\\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mi>y</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mml:mo>\\n <mml:mi>K</mml:mi>\\n </mml:mrow>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">x,y\\\\in K</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n</inline-formula>, one has <disp-formula content-type=\\\"math/mathml\\\">\\n\\\\[\\n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" alttext=\\\"limit sup rho left-parenthesis s Subscript i Baseline x comma s Subscript i Baseline y right-parenthesis greater-than 0 and limit inf rho left-parenthesis s Subscript i Baseline x comma s Subscript i Baseline y right-parenthesis equals 0 period\\\">\\n <mml:semantics>\\n <mml:mrow>\\n <mml:munder>\\n <mml:mo movablelimits=\\\"true\\\" form=\\\"prefix\\\">lim sup</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mrow class=\\\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\\\">\\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">→<!-- → --></mml:mo>\\n <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">∞<!-- ∞ --></mml:mi>\\n </mml:mrow>\\n </mml:munder>\\n <mml:mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</mml:mo>\\n <mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\\n </mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\\n <mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\\n </mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>y</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mo>></mml:mo>\\n <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\\n <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>\\n <mml:mtext>and</mml:mtext>\\n <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext>\\n <mml:munder>\\n <mml:mo movablelimits=\\\"true\\\" form=\\\"prefix\\\">lim inf</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mrow class=\\\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\\\">\\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">→<!-- → --></mml:mo>\\n <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">∞<!-- ∞ --></mml:mi>\\n </mml:mrow>\\n </mml:munder>\\n <mml:mi>ρ<!-- ρ --></mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">(</mml:mo>\\n <mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\\n </mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\\n <mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>s</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mi>i</mml:mi>\\n </mml:msub>\\n <mml:mi>y</mml:mi>\\n <mml:mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">)</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\\n <mml:mn>0.</mml:mn>\\n </mml:mrow>\\n <mml:annotation encoding=\\\"application/x-tex\\\">\\\\limsup _{i\\\\to +\\\\infty }\\\\rho (s_i x,s_iy)>0\\\\ \\\\text {and}\\\\ \\\\liminf _{i\\\\to +\\\\infty }\\\\rho (s_ix,s_iy)=0.</mml:annotation>\\n </mml:semantics>\\n</mml:math>\\n\\\\]\\n</disp-formula></p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37924,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Transactions of the Moscow Mathematical Society\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-06-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"4\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Transactions of the Moscow Mathematical Society\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1090/mosc/315\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"Mathematics\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transactions of the Moscow Mathematical Society","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1090/mosc/315","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Mathematics","Score":null,"Total":0}
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