通过粒子散射模拟在纳米尺度上获取对生物分子的辐射损伤

IF 1.1 Q3 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
M. B. Hahn
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引用次数: 1

摘要

辐射对DNA的损伤在治疗癌症的放射治疗中起着核心作用。所涉及的物理化学和生物过程涵盖了巨大的时间和空间尺度。对实验技术而言,全面了解纳米和宏观尺度是一项非常具有挑战性的任务。因此,粒子散射模拟通常用于补充测量和辅助解释,帮助规划实验,预测结果和测试损伤模型。近年来,基于蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)方法的强大的多用途粒子散射框架,如Geant4和Geant4- dna,通过友好的用户界面如TOPAS和TOPAS- nbio进行了扩展。这使得它们的适用性从专门的专家领域扩展到更广泛的科学家领域。在本综述中,我们旨在概述基于MCS的方法来理解辐射相互作用的广泛范围,从癌组织、细胞及其细胞器(包括细胞核、线粒体和膜),到放射增敏剂(如金属纳米颗粒)和含有额外自由基清除剂的水,再到以DNA、RNA、蛋白质和DNA-蛋白质复合物形式存在的分离生物分子。从而涵盖了生物分子在物理阶段由非弹性散射过程的直接损伤引起的降解,以及化学阶段由自由基引起的间接损伤以及早期生物反应的某些部分。由于它们的高丰度,羟基自由基(•OH)和次级低能电子(LEE)以及预水合电子的作用将被详细介绍。本文综述了辐射敏化剂在预测DNA损伤、DNA修复过程、细胞存活和凋亡、辐射敏化剂对细胞及其细胞器内剂量分布的影响、线性能量传递(LET)研究、相对生物效应(RBE)、离子束癌症治疗、微束放射治疗(MRT)、FLASH效应和辐射诱导旁观者效应等方面的应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Accessing radiation damage to biomolecules on the nanoscale by particle-scattering simulations
Radiation damage to DNA plays a central role in radiation therapy to cure cancer. The physico-chemical and biological processes involved encompass huge time and spatial scales. To obtain a comprehensive understanding on the nano and the macro scale is a very challenging tasks for experimental techniques alone. Therefore particle-scattering simulations are often applied to complement measurements and aide their interpretation, to help in the planning of experiments, to predict their outcome and to test damage models. In the last years, powerful multipurpose particle-scattering framework based on the Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS) method, such as Geant4 and Geant4-DNA, were extended by user friendly interfaces such as TOPAS and TOPAS-nBio. This shifts their applicability from the realm of dedicated specialists to a broader range of scientists. In the present review we aim to give an overview over MCS based approaches to understand radiation interaction on a broad scale, ranging from cancerous tissue, cells and their organelles including the nucleus, mitochondria and membranes, over radiosensitizer such as metallic nanoparticles, and water with additional radical scavenger, down to isolated biomolecules in the form of DNA, RNA, proteins and DNA-protein complexes. Hereby the degradation of biomolecules by direct damage from inelastic scattering processes during the physical stage, and the indirect damage caused by radicals during the chemical stage as well as some parts of the early biological response is covered. Due to their high abundance the action of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and secondary low energy electrons (LEE) as well as prehydrated electrons are covered in additional detail. Applications in the prediction of DNA damage, DNA repair processes, cell survival and apoptosis, influence of radiosensitizer on the dose distribution within cells and their organelles, the study of linear energy transfer (LET), the relative biological effectiveness (RBE), ion beam cancer therapy, microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), the FLASH effect, and the radiation induced bystander effect are reviewed.
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来源期刊
Journal of Physics Communications
Journal of Physics Communications PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
114
审稿时长
10 weeks
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