德克萨斯州高平原两种主要土壤类型的水分平衡:对旱地作物生产的影响

R. Lascano, G. Leiker, T. Goebel, S. Mauget, D. C. Gitz
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引用次数: 2

摘要

由于奥加拉拉(Ogallala)含水层的地下水位已达到9米的饱和厚度(维持灌溉的最小厚度),因此该地区的作物生产正在从灌溉转向旱地。我们的目标是使用机制模型ENWATBAL来评估该地区三种降雨情景的日和年水平衡,干旱年(189毫米),平均年(449毫米)和湿润年(669毫米)。这三种情景分别应用于该地区的两个主要土壤系列:Pullman和Amarillo。在所有模拟中,我们使用每小时输入的德克萨斯州Lubbock附近的天气数据,并使用测量的土壤水力特性来模拟每个土壤系列和三种降雨情景的水平衡。结果表明,在平均和湿雨年份,普尔曼土壤系列出现降水蓄积,而阿马里洛土壤系列则没有。然而,水的储存可以通过结合沟堤和最少的耕作以及提供表面残留物的作物覆盖来增强。我们的结果对THP半干旱气候下旱地作物生产的影响表明,在降雨量平均和湿润的年份,普尔曼系列的土壤可以储存可供作物使用的水分。然而,阿马里洛土壤系列的情况并非如此,这些土壤对旱地作物生产具有更高的风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Water Balance of Two Major Soil Types of the Texas High Plains: Implications for Dryland Crop Production
Crop production in the Texas High Plains is shifting from irrigated to dryland due to the increase of the depth to the water table from the Ogallala aquifer in regions where the saturated thickness of 9 m, the minimum to sustain irrigation, has been reached. Our objective was to use the mechanistic model ENWATBAL to evaluate the daily and annual water balance for three scenarios of rainfall in this region, a dry (189 mm), an average (449 mm) and a wet (669 mm) year. These three scenarios were applied to two major soil series of this region, Pullman and Amarillo. In all simulations, we used hourly input weather data for a location near Lubbock, Texas and used measured soil hydraulic properties to simulate the water balance for each soil series and the three rainfall scenarios. Results showed that in years with average and wet rain, storage of rainfall occurred in the Pullman but not in in the Amarillo soil series. However, storage of water could be enhanced by combining furrow dikes with minimum tillage along with crop covers that provide a surface residue. The implications of our results for dryland crop production in the semiarid climate of the THP suggest that for years with average and wetter rainfall soils in the Pullman series could store water that would be available for crop use. However, this was not the case for the Amarillo soil series and these soils represent a higher risk for dryland crop production.
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