Effect of thermal treatment on the structural, morphological, and chemical properties of apatite bioceramicsmaterials

Monitoring the synthesis conditions of apatite phosphate by double decomposition seems very useful in view of the simplicity and rapidity of this method. This work is mainly based on production of apatite in the laboratory by the double decomposition method, HAP and TCP were synthesized and studied to demonstrate the influence of thermal treatment and synthesis temperature on the structure of apatite powders. The prepared samples were calcined at 900°C and sintered at 1050, 1100 and 1150°C. The effect of synthesis and sintering temperature on the structure of this material was investigated using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. This study confirmed that calcination has no effect on the HAP phase stability elaborated. Therefore,for TCP synthesized: β-TCP is the most phase that persists up to, 91% and a minimal partial transformation into Dicalcium Diphosphate is recorded. FTIR spectrum affirms the persistence of OH– and PO43- group bands suggestingthe basic apatite structure for HAP and TCP of the sample, calcination, leads to the crystallization of TCP Ca3(PO4)2. However, the calcined precipitate contains β calcium pyrophosphate Ca2P2O7, and HA:Ca10(PO4)6(OH) 2 constitutes secondary phase. While the calcination of HAP did not affect it. SEM micrograph of synthetic HAP powder treated at 1050°C revealed particle morphology with the dense and cloudy surface while TCP micrograph powder treated at the same temperature shows particle morphology of porous and smoother surfaces and irregular spherical shape. In conclusion thethermal treatments improve the performance of the bioceramic residueand have the potential to create a new type of sustainable and bio-friendly material. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate likeotherrelated calcium phosphate minerals, have been used extensively as orthopedic implant material due to their excellent biocompatibility and bone bonding to its structural and composition alsimilarity to that of mineral phase of hard tissue in human bones.