Simón Bolívar e o Congresso do Panamá: o primeiro integracionismo latino-americano

The earliest movement towards Latin American integration emerged in the context of the decolonization process to have begun in the 1820s, with the initiative driven by various leaders, particularly Simon Bolivar, culminating in the 1826 Congress of Panama. It was at the congress that plenipotentiary delegates from four Latin American countries developed the first integration treaties, with their provisions pre-empting the establishment of legal institutes of public international law. The agreements did not, however, enter into effect due to the lack of ratification. Based on a historical, juridical, and institutional analysis, this work resumes the debate on the subject, analyzing the relevant sources and proposing an explanation for the initiative’s relative failure.