寻找住所:哈萨克斯坦劳动妇女的不稳定、抗议和自我主义

IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Laura Tourtellotte
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要2019年,在哈萨克斯坦努尔苏丹附近,五名儿童在父母上夜班时死于一场房屋火灾。这场被广泛报道的悲剧揭示了相互矛盾的必要性,并突显了哈萨克斯坦各地性别生产和生殖劳动的不稳定性。这一备受关注的事件引发了“有很多孩子的母亲”(mnogodetnye mamy,kopbala analar)的抗议大火,这是对有四个或四个以上孩子并有资格获得国家支持的低收入妇女的官方指定。本文分析了2019年母亲们的抗议活动,以及公众和官方对这些抗议活动的反应。研究发现,通过在抗议活动中以母性和传统性别规范为中心,这些抗议者成功地将他们对社会福利的要求与历史上苏联时代的保护主义和家长主义政策联系起来,从而使他们的要求合法化。然而,文章认为,与此同时,这些性别化的劳动规范迫使女性,尤其是边缘化的母亲,从事不稳定的劳动形式,而西方式的非政府组织和有限的政府支持都无法充分解决这些问题。文章进一步得出结论,“有很多孩子的母亲”在不稳定的条件下工作,并受到怀疑和谴责,因为她们的行为挑战了哈萨克斯坦理想化的正确女性形象。这项研究有助于中亚劳动力、性别和生殖的研究,并呼吁将性别劳动不稳定性的研究集中在中亚研究中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
In Search of Shelter: Precarity, Protest, and Pronatalism among Laboring Women in Kazakhstan
Abstract In 2019, near Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, five children perished in a house fire while their parents were away at night shift jobs. This widely-reported tragedy brought to light conflicting imperatives and highlighted the precarity of gendered productive and reproductive labor across Kazakhstan. This highly-publicized incident ignited a conflagration of protests by “mothers with many children” (mnogodetnye mamy, kopbala analar), the official designation for low-income women who have four or more children and are eligible for state support. This paper analyzes the mothers’ protests of 2019, and the public and official responses to these protests. It finds that, by centering motherhood and traditional gender norms in their protests, these protestors successfully linked their demands for social benefits back to historic Soviet-era protectionist and paternalist policies, thus legitimizing their demands. However, the article argues that at the same time these gendered labor norms force women, especially marginalized mothers, to engage in precarious forms of labor that neither Western-style NGOs nor limited government support are able to adequately address. The article further concludes that “mothers with many children” labor under precarious conditions and are subject to skepticism and censure, as their actions challenge idealized national scripts of proper womanhood in Kazakhstan. This research contributes to the study of labor, gender, and reproduction in Central Asia and calls for centering the study of gendered labor precarity within Central Asian studies.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: ILWCH has an international reputation for scholarly innovation and quality. It explores diverse topics from globalisation and workers’ rights to class and consumption, labour movements, class identities and cultures, unions, and working-class politics. ILWCH publishes original research, review essays, conference reports from around the world, and an acclaimed scholarly controversy section. Comparative and cross-disciplinary, the journal is of interest to scholars in history, sociology, political science, labor studies, global studies, and a wide range of other fields and disciplines. Published for International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc.
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