{"title":"包容性和可实施性的电子商务法律规则——印度尼西亚和越南的比较研究","authors":"N. N. Bich, P. Nguyen","doi":"10.15742/ILREV.V10N3.631","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Both Vietnam and Indonesia have large populations that promise major markets for e-commerce. The two nations record high internet coverage and large numbers of social media users. Recently, the countries have been trying to support e-commerce with new legal rules. In November 2019, Indonesia’s government introduced Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading through Electronic Systems (GR 80, 2019). GR 80 requires e-commerce businesses to obtain business licenses, report taxes, and preserve consumer protections and rights. Similarly, Vietnam has issued a number of resolutions and guidelines since its Decree on E-Commerce in 2013 (Decree No. 52/2013/NĐ-CP). While these legal documents cover nearly all aspects of e-commerce, little of their implementability and inclusiveness has been studied. Using the individualized comparison methodology and case studies, the authors analyze the legal rules in the two countries and discover that (i) the e-commerce regulations in both countries lack implementability in terms of connection and interest among stakeholders; (ii) the regulations are implementable for big businesses with formal websites but pose a significant burden for smaller businesses, which ultimately means the lack of inclusiveness. It is recommended for both to work hard and efficiently to set up their immediate response schemes, cooperatively, to expand the participation of small online businesses and multiple other stakeholders. A strategy of cross-border collaboration to build trust in e-commerce for business owners could be studied in the future. \n \nAbstrak \nVietnam dan Indonesia memiliki populasi besar yang menjanjikan ukuran pasar potensial untuk e-commerce. Kedua negara tersebut juga mencatat cakupan internet yang tinggi dan jumlah pengguna media sosial yang besar. Baru-baru ini, kedua negara berusaha mendukung e-commerce dengan aturan hukum baru. Pemerintah Indonesia telah memperkenalkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (GR 80, 2019) pada November 2019. GR 80 mewajibkan pelaku usaha e-commerce untuk mendapatkan izin usaha, melaporkan pajak, dan melindungi perlindungan dan hak konsumen. Demikian pula, Vietnam terus mengeluarkan sejumlah resolusi dan keputusan panduan setelah Dekrit tentang E-Commerce tahun 2013. Meskipun dokumen hukum ini mencakup hampir semua aspek e-commerce secara mendetail, hanya sedikit penerapan dan inklusivitas yang telah dipelajari. Dengan menggunakan metodologi perbandingan individual dan studi kasus, penulis menganalisis aturan hukum di kedua negara dan menemukan bahwa: (i) peraturan kedua negara tentang e-commerce kurang dapat diterapkan dalam hal hubungan dan kepentingan di antara para pemangku kepentingan; (ii) peraturan dapat diterapkan untuk bisnis besar dengan situs web formal tetapi membebani bisnis berukuran kecil secara dramatis yang menyiratkan kurangnya inklusivitas. Direkomendasikan bahwa keduanya harus bekerja keras dan efisien untuk menyiapkan skema tanggapan langsung mereka, dengan ramah untuk menyertakan bisnis online kecil dan meningkatkan partisipasi berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Peta jalan kolaborasi lintas batas untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan pada e-commerce bagi pemilik bisnis dapat dipelajari di masa depan.","PeriodicalId":13484,"journal":{"name":"Indonesia Law Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1000,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Inclusive and Implementable Legal Rules for E-Commerce: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Vietnam\",\"authors\":\"N. N. Bich, P. Nguyen\",\"doi\":\"10.15742/ILREV.V10N3.631\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Both Vietnam and Indonesia have large populations that promise major markets for e-commerce. The two nations record high internet coverage and large numbers of social media users. Recently, the countries have been trying to support e-commerce with new legal rules. In November 2019, Indonesia’s government introduced Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading through Electronic Systems (GR 80, 2019). GR 80 requires e-commerce businesses to obtain business licenses, report taxes, and preserve consumer protections and rights. Similarly, Vietnam has issued a number of resolutions and guidelines since its Decree on E-Commerce in 2013 (Decree No. 52/2013/NĐ-CP). While these legal documents cover nearly all aspects of e-commerce, little of their implementability and inclusiveness has been studied. Using the individualized comparison methodology and case studies, the authors analyze the legal rules in the two countries and discover that (i) the e-commerce regulations in both countries lack implementability in terms of connection and interest among stakeholders; (ii) the regulations are implementable for big businesses with formal websites but pose a significant burden for smaller businesses, which ultimately means the lack of inclusiveness. It is recommended for both to work hard and efficiently to set up their immediate response schemes, cooperatively, to expand the participation of small online businesses and multiple other stakeholders. A strategy of cross-border collaboration to build trust in e-commerce for business owners could be studied in the future. \\n \\nAbstrak \\nVietnam dan Indonesia memiliki populasi besar yang menjanjikan ukuran pasar potensial untuk e-commerce. Kedua negara tersebut juga mencatat cakupan internet yang tinggi dan jumlah pengguna media sosial yang besar. Baru-baru ini, kedua negara berusaha mendukung e-commerce dengan aturan hukum baru. Pemerintah Indonesia telah memperkenalkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (GR 80, 2019) pada November 2019. GR 80 mewajibkan pelaku usaha e-commerce untuk mendapatkan izin usaha, melaporkan pajak, dan melindungi perlindungan dan hak konsumen. Demikian pula, Vietnam terus mengeluarkan sejumlah resolusi dan keputusan panduan setelah Dekrit tentang E-Commerce tahun 2013. Meskipun dokumen hukum ini mencakup hampir semua aspek e-commerce secara mendetail, hanya sedikit penerapan dan inklusivitas yang telah dipelajari. Dengan menggunakan metodologi perbandingan individual dan studi kasus, penulis menganalisis aturan hukum di kedua negara dan menemukan bahwa: (i) peraturan kedua negara tentang e-commerce kurang dapat diterapkan dalam hal hubungan dan kepentingan di antara para pemangku kepentingan; (ii) peraturan dapat diterapkan untuk bisnis besar dengan situs web formal tetapi membebani bisnis berukuran kecil secara dramatis yang menyiratkan kurangnya inklusivitas. Direkomendasikan bahwa keduanya harus bekerja keras dan efisien untuk menyiapkan skema tanggapan langsung mereka, dengan ramah untuk menyertakan bisnis online kecil dan meningkatkan partisipasi berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Peta jalan kolaborasi lintas batas untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan pada e-commerce bagi pemilik bisnis dapat dipelajari di masa depan.\",\"PeriodicalId\":13484,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Indonesia Law Review\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2020-12-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Indonesia Law Review\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V10N3.631\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"LAW\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indonesia Law Review","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15742/ILREV.V10N3.631","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"LAW","Score":null,"Total":0}
Inclusive and Implementable Legal Rules for E-Commerce: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Vietnam
Both Vietnam and Indonesia have large populations that promise major markets for e-commerce. The two nations record high internet coverage and large numbers of social media users. Recently, the countries have been trying to support e-commerce with new legal rules. In November 2019, Indonesia’s government introduced Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading through Electronic Systems (GR 80, 2019). GR 80 requires e-commerce businesses to obtain business licenses, report taxes, and preserve consumer protections and rights. Similarly, Vietnam has issued a number of resolutions and guidelines since its Decree on E-Commerce in 2013 (Decree No. 52/2013/NĐ-CP). While these legal documents cover nearly all aspects of e-commerce, little of their implementability and inclusiveness has been studied. Using the individualized comparison methodology and case studies, the authors analyze the legal rules in the two countries and discover that (i) the e-commerce regulations in both countries lack implementability in terms of connection and interest among stakeholders; (ii) the regulations are implementable for big businesses with formal websites but pose a significant burden for smaller businesses, which ultimately means the lack of inclusiveness. It is recommended for both to work hard and efficiently to set up their immediate response schemes, cooperatively, to expand the participation of small online businesses and multiple other stakeholders. A strategy of cross-border collaboration to build trust in e-commerce for business owners could be studied in the future.
Abstrak
Vietnam dan Indonesia memiliki populasi besar yang menjanjikan ukuran pasar potensial untuk e-commerce. Kedua negara tersebut juga mencatat cakupan internet yang tinggi dan jumlah pengguna media sosial yang besar. Baru-baru ini, kedua negara berusaha mendukung e-commerce dengan aturan hukum baru. Pemerintah Indonesia telah memperkenalkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (GR 80, 2019) pada November 2019. GR 80 mewajibkan pelaku usaha e-commerce untuk mendapatkan izin usaha, melaporkan pajak, dan melindungi perlindungan dan hak konsumen. Demikian pula, Vietnam terus mengeluarkan sejumlah resolusi dan keputusan panduan setelah Dekrit tentang E-Commerce tahun 2013. Meskipun dokumen hukum ini mencakup hampir semua aspek e-commerce secara mendetail, hanya sedikit penerapan dan inklusivitas yang telah dipelajari. Dengan menggunakan metodologi perbandingan individual dan studi kasus, penulis menganalisis aturan hukum di kedua negara dan menemukan bahwa: (i) peraturan kedua negara tentang e-commerce kurang dapat diterapkan dalam hal hubungan dan kepentingan di antara para pemangku kepentingan; (ii) peraturan dapat diterapkan untuk bisnis besar dengan situs web formal tetapi membebani bisnis berukuran kecil secara dramatis yang menyiratkan kurangnya inklusivitas. Direkomendasikan bahwa keduanya harus bekerja keras dan efisien untuk menyiapkan skema tanggapan langsung mereka, dengan ramah untuk menyertakan bisnis online kecil dan meningkatkan partisipasi berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Peta jalan kolaborasi lintas batas untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan pada e-commerce bagi pemilik bisnis dapat dipelajari di masa depan.