Debiasing Overconfidence among Indonesian Undergraduate Students in the Biology Classroom: An Intervention Study of the KAAR Model

Metacognitive ability is enormously important for improving students’ learning performance. However, overconfidence bias may hinder students’ metacognition abilities. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an intervention to reduce or debias overconfidence among students using the KAAR (knowledge, awareness, action, and reflection) model. Ninety Indonesian undergraduate students were subjects of this study. Overconfidence scores were analyzed using paired sample t-tests in SPSS to compare the mean difference between pre- and post-tests. Next, their overconfidence patterns during the intervention were analyzed using R to perform group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Two main findings were noteworthy: Watching a video about overconfidence is likely the most significant activity of KAAR model in reducing students’ overconfidence, and, based on students’ overconfidence change during the intervention, trajectory analysis classified them into five groups. Recommendations for future intervention studies to reduce overconfidence among students are discussed.