人工语言中依赖结构的可学习性和出现

IF 2.1 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Emily Davis, Kenny Smith
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在两个人工语言实验中,我们研究了不同依赖结构的可学习性和出现:分支、中心嵌入和交叉。在自然语言中,分支是最常见的依赖结构;中心嵌入会发生,但通常不受欢迎,并且交叉依赖关系非常罕见。实验1以名词短语中的每种依赖类型为例,研究了小型人工语言的可学习性、测试理解力和产出。正如预期的那样,分支依赖语法是最容易学习的,但交叉语法与中心嵌入没有什么不同。实验2采用迭代学习,使用与实验1相同类型的刺激来检验一致语法的出现和稳定。每个传播链中的最初参与者都是根据随机语法生成的短语进行训练的,该参与者生成的语言通过迭代学习过程传递给下一个参与者。分支依赖语法在几代内出现在大多数链中,并且一旦出现就保持稳定,尽管有一个链在输出上稳定下来,与交叉语法一致;没有链收敛于中心嵌入语法。这些发现,以及之前的一些结果,对交叉依赖比中心嵌入在认知上更复杂的假设提出了质疑,同时证实了可学习性在依赖结构类型中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The learnability and emergence of dependency structures in an artificial language
In a pair of artificial language experiments, we investigated the learnability and emergence of different dependency structures: branching, center-embedding, and crossed. In natural languages, branching is the most common dependency structure; center-embedding occurs but is often disfavored, and crossed dependencies are very rare. Experiment 1 addressed learnability, testing comprehension, and production on small artificial languages exemplifying each dependency type in noun phrases. As expected, branching dependency grammars were the easiest to learn, but crossed grammars were not different from center-embedding. Experiment 2 employed iterated learning to examine the emergence and stabilization of consistent grammar using the same type of stimuli as Experiment 1. The initial participant in each chain of transmission was trained on phrases generated by a random grammar, with the language produced by that participant passed to the next participant through an iterated learning process. Branching dependency grammar appeared in most chains within a few generations and remained stable once it appeared, although one chain stabilized on output consistent with a crossed grammar; no chains converged on center-embedding grammars. These findings, along with some previous results, call into question the assumption that crossed dependencies are more cognitively complex than center-embedding, while confirming the role of learnability in the typology of dependency structures.
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来源期刊
Journal of Language Evolution
Journal of Language Evolution Social Sciences-Linguistics and Language
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
7.70%
发文量
8
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