水生无脊椎动物群落结构、生物条件、栖息地和水质,密苏里州,2005-2014

D. Bowles, L. Morrison, J. Cribbs
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引用次数: 1

摘要

奥扎克国家风景河道(OZAR)的建立是为了保护Current河及其主要支流Jacks Fork的走廊。这条河是美国为数不多的自由流动的河流之一,它的大部分底流来自几个大的泉水。为了评估这些河流的生物状况,2005 - 2014年对水生无脊椎动物群落结构进行了监测。使用Slack-Surber采样器从9个采样点收集底栖无脊椎动物样本和相关栖息地和水质数据。计算了分类群丰富度、EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera)丰富度、Shannon’s多样性指数和Hilsenhoff生物指数(HBI)组成的多度量指标Stream Condition Index (SCI)。底栖无脊椎动物种类繁多,共鉴定出155个不同的类群。平均丰富度在22 ~ 30之间。在Current River和Jacks Fork的无脊椎类群中,所有类群的容忍度都不高(平均容忍度= ~4.25)。Current河的平均HBI不超过3.9,Jacks Fork河的平均HBI不超过4.4。抽样地点的SCI平均得分通常远高于16分,表明它们没有受损。总结了生境和水质数据,但它们与个体无脊椎动物指标相关性较差。采用Sørenson相似指数评价群落间的相似性,并用上升层次聚类分析分析相似性得分。站点之间的相似性为72%或更高。聚类分析表明,Current River和Jacks Fork站点是独立聚类的,并沿下游发展。当前河上最上面的收集地点与其他地点最不一样,这可能与该地点与其他地点相比具有独特的物理特征有关。采用非度量多维尺度(NMDS)评价了无脊椎动物指标与生境和水质的关系。NMDS模型拟合良好(应力=0.04),比电导、温度、流量、丝状藻类和水生植被是定义采样点间关系的最重要的生境变量。三个下游的Current River和Jacks Fork站点在协调空间中紧密地组合在一起,但三个上游的Current River站点彼此之间距离较远。这些地点附近的几个大体积弹簧的影响被怀疑是通过压型扰动产生这种差异的。虽然当前河和杰克斯福克的无脊椎动物群落和水质基本上是健康的,生物条件也很高,但对这些资源的持续和预计的威胁仍然存在,这些威胁主要来自公园管辖范围之外。无脊椎动物群落多样性在不同地点和年份的内在变异性突出了使用多指标评估和多年监测来支持管理决策的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Aquatic Invertebrate Community Structure, Biological Condition, Habitat, and Water Quality at Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, 2005-2014
Ozark National Scenic Riverways (OZAR) was established to protect the corridor of the Current River and its major tributary, the Jacks Fork. The Current River is one of the few remaining free-flowing rivers in the U.S., with much of its base flow coming from several large springs. To assess the biological condition of these rivers, aquatic invertebrate community structure was monitored from 2005 to 2014. Benthic invertebrate samples and associated habitat and water quality data were collected from each of nine sampling sites using a Slack-Surber sampler. The Stream Condition Index (SCI), a multimetric index that incorporates taxa richness, EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) richness, Shannon’s diversity index, and Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), was calculated. The benthic invertebrate fauna was diverse with 155 distinct taxa identified from all sites. Mean taxa richness was high, ranging from 22 to 30 among sites. The invertebrate taxa of the Current River and Jacks Fork are largely intolerant across all taxa represented (mean tolerance value= ~4.25). Mean HBI did not exceed 3.9 in the Current River or 4.4 for the Jacks Fork. Mean SCI scores across sampling sites generally were well above 16, indicating they are not impaired. Habitat and water quality data were summarized, but they were poorly correlated with individual invertebrate metrics. Sørenson’s similarity index was used to assess community similarity among sites, and similarity scores were then analyzed using ascendant hierarchical cluster analysis. Similarity among sites was 72% or greater. Cluster analysis showed that Current River and Jacks Fork sites clustered separately and in a downstream progression. The uppermost collection site on the Current River was most unlike the other sites, which probably relates to the distinct physical features of that site compared to the others. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) was used to evaluate the relationship of invertebrate metrics to habitat and water quality. The NMDS model was found to be a good fit (stress=0.04) and specific conductance, temperature, discharge, filamentous algae and aquatic vegetation were among the most important habitat variables in defining the relationship among sampling sites. The three lower Current River and Jacks Fork sites each were closely grouped in ordination space, but the three upper Current River sites were farther apart from each other. The influence of several large volume springs near those sites is suspected of producing such disparity through press type disturbances. Although the invertebrate communities and water quality in the Current River and Jacks Fork are largely sound and have high biological condition, ongoing and projected threats to these resources remain, and those threats largely originate outside park jurisdictional boundaries. Inherent variability of invertebrate community diversity across sites and years highlights the importance of using multi-metric assessments and multiyear monitoring to support management decisions.
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