Shoe upper and baseball throwing performance

The ability to brake with the stride leg while throwing is critical for fast ball velocity. Braking can be measured using both kinetics and kinematics (Kageyama et al., 2014); it may be reflected in different variables for various throwing styles. Distal rearfoot power encompasses several metrics related to throwing performance. It is calculated using ground reaction forces and 6-degree of freedom foot kinematics, and quantifies the energy absorbed and returned by the foot-shoe complex (Matijevich et al., 2022). Thus, it could be affected by a player’s footwear. No research has investigated the effect of shoe upper on throwing performance.