性格与重犯量刑

IF 0.4 Q3 LAW
Jeffrey Brand
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要在几乎所有现代司法管辖区,惯犯的刑期都比初犯长。这种先前的记录增强在政治上很受欢迎。学者们的分歧更大,尤其是在严重增强方面。惩罚论者长期以来一直不同意哪些强化措施(如果有的话)在道德上是合理的,以及基于什么。这篇文章推进了这场辩论,为各方的报复主义者提供了教训。我提出了一个直观的论点,它证明了在性格方面的增强是合理的。这一论点遭到了讽刺和驳斥,增强功能的捍卫者更喜欢独立于性格的论点。我重新构建了一个强化论点,假设累犯构成了罪责加重性格特征的证据。这个论点看起来至少是连贯的,推理上是有效的,而且直观上是合理的。然后,我提出了我认为对论点的真正威胁,这些威胁既不是概念性的,也不是规范性的,而是实证性的。我确定了性格论证所要求的加重罪责的一些形式特征。为了支持增强功能,这些特征还必须与犯罪记录正确相关。在犯罪发生和犯罪理论中,犯罪学是寻找这些特征的特征和相关证据的一个地方。我的结论是,不能忽视先前记录增强的性格论点,尽管它们的彻底评估正在等待复杂经验问题的答案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Character and Repeat-Offender Sentencing
Abstract Repeat offenders receive longer sentences than first offenders in virtually every modern jurisdiction. Such prior-record enhancements are politically popular. Scholars are more divided, especially regarding severe enhancements. Retributivists have long disagreed about which enhancements, if any, are morally justifiable and on what basis. This article advances the debate, offering lessons for retributivists on all sides. I address an intuitive argument that justifies enhancements in terms of character. This argument has been caricatured and dismissed, with defenders of enhancements preferring character-independent arguments. I reconstruct an argument for enhancements that assumes recidivism constitutes evidence of culpability-aggravating character traits. The argument seems at least coherent, inferentially valid, and intuitively plausible. I then raise what I see as the real threats to the argument, which are neither conceptual nor normative, but empirical. I identify some formal features that the character argument requires of culpability-aggravating traits. To support enhancements, such traits must also correlate properly with criminal records. One place to look for characterizations of such traits, and evidence of correlation, is criminology, in theories of criminogenesis and criminality. I conclude that character arguments for prior-record enhancements cannot be dismissed, although their thorough evaluation awaits answers to complex empirical questions.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
16.70%
发文量
32
期刊介绍: The Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence serves as a forum for special and general jurisprudence and legal philosophy. It publishes articles that address the nature of law, that engage in philosophical analysis or criticism of legal doctrine, that examine the form and nature of legal or judicial reasoning, that investigate issues concerning the ethical aspects of legal practice, and that study (from a philosophical perspective) concrete legal issues facing contemporary society. The journal does not use case notes, nor does it publish articles focussing on issues particular to the laws of a single nation. The Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence is published on behalf of the Faculty of Law, Western University.
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