Cereal rye residue management tactics influence inter- and intra- row weed recruitment dynamics in field corn when planting green

Delaying cover crop termination until cash crop planting (i.e., planting green) is an emerging no-till practice. Improved management recommendations are needed for optimizing weed suppression benefits while minimizing other pest, fertility, and crop management risks when planting green in corn production systems. In a 2-yr field experiment, we evaluated the interaction between cereal rye residue management tactics (standing residue, roll-crimping, roll-crimping with row cleaners) and herbicide programs (1-pass PRE, 2-pass POST) when planting green on weed recruitment spatial patterns and corn performance compared to standard termination (14 d pre-plant; 14 DPP) and ryelage harvest (14 DPP) practices. In a 2-yr on-farm experiment, we evaluated corn performance in response to the same residue management tactics. Cereal rye biomass production varied significantly across years in on-station experiments, with average (4.9 Mg ha-1) and anomalous (9.9 Mg ha-1) levels observed in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In 2020, planting green with an integrated roll-crimper/row cleaner system resulted in greater intra-row weed density compared to planting green into standing cereal rye. Inter-row weed density was lower when employing roll-crimping compared to early-termination (14 DPP). Planting green into standing cereal rye resulted in greater mean corn height (V5 stage) compared to other treatments but corn population and yield did not differ. In 2021, few differences in weed recruitment patterns were observed, but corn population and yield were significantly lower in planting green treatments compared to early termination. Across years, late-season weed biomass was lower in two-pass POST programs compared to one-pass PRE programs. On-farm trials showed that planting green into standing residue increases corn height, and can reduce corn populations, which may lead to reduce yields. Our results suggest that management recommendations for optimizing herbicide application timing should consider intra- and inter-row weed recruitment dynamics associated with residue management tactics needed to optimize corn performance.