{"title":"缺席的母亲、坚强的姐妹和奇特的女儿:英语NPN结构的建构网络","authors":"Lotte Sommerer, Andreas Baumann","doi":"10.1515/cog-2020-0013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes symmetric NPN constructions (e.g., day to day, face to face, step by step) qualitatively and quantitatively by examining data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (Davies, Mark. 2008–. The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 570 million words, 1990–present. http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/). The constructions’ frequency and productivity, as well as their semantics and extension potential (i.e., modification, complementation) is investigated (e.g., by conducting collostructional analysis). In terms of theoretical modeling, the paper takes a Usage-based, Cognitive Construction Grammar approach (UCCxG) and sketches the constructional network of this constructional family, postulating various constructional templates on different levels of specificity – among others – the existence of the following subtypes [CNsg,time i after CNsg,time i]Cx (e.g., day after day, night after night), [CNsg,measurement i by CNsg,measurement i]Cx (e.g., inch by inch, step by step) or [CNsg,bodypart i to CNsg,bodypart i]Cx (e.g., skin to skin, shoulder to shoulder). We show how these templates are vertically and horizontally connected to each other. Ultimately, we argue that in a usage-based model which strives for cognitive plausibility it is not always feasible to postulate the entrenchment of an abstract overarching schema (i.e., a ‘mothernode’) like [CNi P CNi]Cx or even [N P N]Cx high up in the network. It is unlikely that speakers abstract such a general schema in a bottom-up acquisition process for this family. 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引用次数: 9
摘要
摘要本文通过检查《当代美国英语语料库》(Davies,Mark。2008–。《当代美国英文语料库》(COCA):5.7亿字,1990–至今)中的数据,定性和定量地分析了对称NPN结构(例如,日复一日、面对面、循序渐进)。http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/)。研究了结构的频率和生产率,以及它们的语义和扩展潜力(即修饰、互补)(例如,通过进行结构分析)。在理论建模方面,本文采用了基于用法的认知结构语法方法(UCCxG),并绘制了这个结构家族的结构网络,在不同的特异性水平上假设了各种结构模板,其中包括以下亚型的存在[CNsg,CNsg后的时间i,时间i]Cx(例如,日复一日,夜以继日),[CNsg,通过CNsg测量i,测量i]Cx(例如,逐英寸,逐步)或[CNsg、身体部位i到CNsg、身体部位i]Cx(例如,皮肤到皮肤、肩膀到肩膀)。我们展示了这些模板是如何相互垂直和水平连接的。最终,我们认为,在一个力求认知合理性的基于使用的模型中,假设一个抽象的总体模式(即“母节点”)的巩固并不总是可行的,比如网络中的[CNi P CNi]Cx,甚至[N P N]Cx。在这个家族自下而上的习得过程中,说话者不太可能抽象出这样一个通用的图式。相反,NPN群是一个结构家族,其特征是有许多姐妹关系,并且没有可以遗传信息的母节点。
Of absent mothers, strong sisters and peculiar daughters: The constructional network of English NPN constructions
Abstract This paper analyzes symmetric NPN constructions (e.g., day to day, face to face, step by step) qualitatively and quantitatively by examining data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (Davies, Mark. 2008–. The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 570 million words, 1990–present. http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/). The constructions’ frequency and productivity, as well as their semantics and extension potential (i.e., modification, complementation) is investigated (e.g., by conducting collostructional analysis). In terms of theoretical modeling, the paper takes a Usage-based, Cognitive Construction Grammar approach (UCCxG) and sketches the constructional network of this constructional family, postulating various constructional templates on different levels of specificity – among others – the existence of the following subtypes [CNsg,time i after CNsg,time i]Cx (e.g., day after day, night after night), [CNsg,measurement i by CNsg,measurement i]Cx (e.g., inch by inch, step by step) or [CNsg,bodypart i to CNsg,bodypart i]Cx (e.g., skin to skin, shoulder to shoulder). We show how these templates are vertically and horizontally connected to each other. Ultimately, we argue that in a usage-based model which strives for cognitive plausibility it is not always feasible to postulate the entrenchment of an abstract overarching schema (i.e., a ‘mothernode’) like [CNi P CNi]Cx or even [N P N]Cx high up in the network. It is unlikely that speakers abstract such a general schema in a bottom-up acquisition process for this family. Rather, the NPN group is a constructional family characterized by many sister ties and by the absence of mother nodes from which information can be inherited.
期刊介绍:
Cognitive Linguistics presents a forum for linguistic research of all kinds on the interaction between language and cognition. The journal focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing and conveying information. Cognitive Linguistics is a peer-reviewed journal of international scope and seeks to publish only works that represent a significant advancement to the theory or methods of cognitive linguistics, or that present an unknown or understudied phenomenon. Topics the structural characteristics of natural language categorization (such as prototypicality, cognitive models, metaphor, and imagery); the functional principles of linguistic organization, as illustrated by iconicity; the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics; the experiential background of language-in-use, including the cultural background; the relationship between language and thought, including matters of universality and language specificity.