多元化世界:为什么个人要做他们所做的?

IF 0.3 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY
Bernard Lahire
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引用次数: 5

摘要

在高度专业化的背景下,本文阐述了社会的全景视图和个人的复杂概念,同时没有忘记理论野心和经验脉搏。为此,它提出了这样的问题:“为什么个人会做他们所做的事情?”,并建议用一个将性格维度与情境主义维度相结合的通用公式来回应实践研究。一方面,个人的性格和能力,被理解为或多或少频繁接触某些行为环境的内化产物。另一方面,目前的行动背景及其多样性。从这个公式出发,本文评价了不同的社会取向:一方面,遗忘过去,实用主义,互动主义和理性选择社会学的特征;另一方面,对语境的忽视,是布迪厄社会学和某些精神分析理论的典型应用。最后,本文回顾了当代社会科学研究的多样性(与观察尺度、研究的社会现实水平、对知识的兴趣、对象类型、时间尺度、研究的行动者数量等有关),表明气质-情境主义方法可以指导这些不同方向的工作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mundo plural: ¿por qué los individuos hacen lo que hacen?
In a context of hyper-specialization, the article addresses a panoramic view of society and a complex conception of individuals, while not forgetting both the theoretical ambition and the empirical pulse. To this end, it asks: "why do individuals do what they do?", and proposes to respond with a universal formula for the study of practices that combines a dispositional dimension with a contextualist one. On the one hand, the dispositions and competences of individuals, understood as the internalized product of more or less frequent access to certain contexts of action. On the other hand, present contexts of action and their diversity. From this formula, the article evaluates different approaches to the social: on the one hand, the oblivion of the past, characteristic of pragmatist, interactionist and rational choice sociologies; on the other hand, the neglect of contexts, typical of certain uses of Bourdieu's sociology and certain psychoanalytic theories. Finally, the article reviews the diversity of contemporary research in social sciences (in relation to the scale of observation, the level of social reality studied, the interest in knowledge, the type of object, the time scales, the number of actors studied, etc.), showing that the dispositional-contextualist approach can guide works in such different directions.
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45 weeks
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