考古结构增强β -多样性:德国耶拿市历史制革厂的细菌群落反映了古代人类的影响

IF 1.7 Q3 ECOLOGY
Ecologies Pub Date : 2023-05-20 DOI:10.3390/ecologies4020021
J. Köhler, Linda Ehrhardt, Jialan Cao, F. Möller, T. Schüler, P. M. Günther
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在对中世纪城市耶拿东郊一个历史制革厂地区进行考古调查时采集的土壤样本已通过16S r-RNA基因图谱进行了调查。这些分析提供了大量有趣的细菌,其中包括Patescibacteria、Methylomirabilota、Asgardtaeologata、Zixibacteria、Sideroxydans和Sulfurifusis。与环境土壤相比,从大桶残留物内的土壤中采集的样本显示出很大的差异。与三个缸内土壤群落相比,不同丰度类别的PCA清楚地反映了缸外土壤细菌群落之间更高的相似性。通过单独使用每个丰度类别,可以将两种侧缸土壤与其他样本区分开来,但通常情况下,较低丰度的类别比高丰度的细菌更适用于通过PCA区分采样点。这种影响可以通过这样的假设来解释,即16S r-RNA数据中含量较低的类型往往比含量较高的类型与土壤发育的早期状态更相关,因此可能更适合于对早期局部情况下的土壤状态得出结论。此外,通过分析可以确定每个采样点的具体特征。特别是在一个地点,发现了动物残留物相关细菌的DNA线索。显然,现场缸土的特殊情况有助于该地的多样性,并增强其贝塔多样性。宏基因组学数据中几个氨代谢属和硫化合物氧化属的丰度非常高,可以解释为以前制革厂使用尿液和加工富含角蛋白的动物材料的活动的回声。总之,可以得出结论,对这些考古地点的16S r-RNA分析可以提供大量与古代人类影响有关的数据,代表一种“土壤的生态记忆”。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Beta-Diversity Enhancement by Archaeological Structures: Bacterial Communities of an Historical Tannery Area of the City of Jena (Germany) Reflect the Ancient Human Impact
Soil samples taken during archaeological investigations of a historical tannery area in the eastern suburb of the medieval city of Jena have been investigated by 16S r-RNA gene profiling. The analyses supplied a large spectrum of interesting bacteria, among them Patescibacteria, Methylomirabilota, Asgardarchaeota, Zixibacteria, Sideroxydans and Sulfurifustis. Samples taken from soil inside the residues of large vats show large differences in comparison to the environmental soil. The PCAs for different abundance classes clearly reflect the higher similarity between the bacterial communities of the outside-vat soils in comparison with three of the inside-vat soil communities. Two of the in-side vat soils are distinguishable from the other samples by separate use of each abundance class, but classes of lower abundance are better applicable than the highly abundant bacteria for distinguishing the sampling sites by PCA, in general. This effect could be interpreted by the assumption that less abundant types in the 16S r-RNA data tend to be more related to an earlier state of soil development than the more abundant and might be, therefore, better suited for conclusions on the state of the soils in an earlier local situation. In addition, the analyses allowed identification of specific features of each single sampling site. In one site specifically, DNA hints of animal residue-related bacteria were found. Obviously, the special situation in the in-site vat soils contributes to the diversity of the place, and enhances its Beta-diversity. Very high abundancies of several ammonia-metabolizing and of sulphur compound-oxidizing genera in the metagenomics data can be interpreted as an echo of the former tannery activities using urine and processing keratin-rich animal materials. In summary, it can be concluded that the 16S r-RNA analysis of such archaeological places can supply a lot of data related to ancient human impacts, representing a kind of “ecological memory of soil”.
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