连接发展与遗产:专家凝视、地方话语与汉皮世界遗产地的视觉美学危机

IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
K. Rajangam
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在这篇文章中,我探讨了两座桥梁的复杂轨迹,这两座桥梁于20世纪90年代初被提议在印度联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产汉皮的边界内建造。在WHS的视觉背景下,拟建桥梁被认为是不适当的基础设施开发形式,该遗址在20世纪90年代末被列入世界濒危遗产名录。大众媒体将这场争议描述为遗产和发展之间的“经典冲突”,保护目标和发展需求相互对立。遗产专家、机构和活动人士将这场危机解读为“遗产还是发展”,规范地将河流以北的居民描述为“未受过教育、无知的当地人”,希望以遗产为代价进行发展。然而,根据近三十年来的民族志实地调查和档案材料,我证明,居民们不希望这些桥梁成为实现一些模糊发展目标的物质基础设施,而是希望将他们被忽视的贡献与维贾亚纳加拉帝国的建立、首都地区及其当代世界遗产重建联系起来。在这种情况下,二元对立在于“专家凝视”,而不是地方话语。是专家,而不是“当地人”,认为保护和发展本质上是对立的。我阐述了关于什么构成遗产和发展的各种观点是如何相互交叉的,并建议不和谐不一定是不可避免的结果,而是可以被纳入专业知识的视野中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bridging Development and Heritage: Expert Gaze, Local Discourses, and Visual Aesthetic Crisis at Hampi World Heritage Site
In this article, I explore the complex trajectory of two bridges that were proposed for construction across the River Tungabhadra in the early 1990s at locations that now fall within the boundary of Hampi, a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site (WHS) in India. The proposed bridges were considered improper forms of infrastructure development in the visual context of a WHS, and the site was placed on the World Heritage in Danger List in the late 1990s. Popular media framed the controversy as a ‘classic clash’ between heritage and development where conservation goals and developmental needs opposed one another. Heritage experts, agencies, and activists read the crisis as one of ‘heritage or development’, normatively typecasting residents north of the river as ‘uneducated, ignorant locals’ wanting development at the cost of heritage. However, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and archival material covering nearly three decades, I demonstrate that residents wanted the bridges not as physical infrastructure towards some obscure development goals, but as the means to link their overlooked contributions to the founding of the Vijayanagara Empire, the capital region and its contemporary remaking as a WHS. In this instance, the binary opposition lay in the ‘expert gaze’, not in local discourses. It was experts, rather than ‘local people’, who saw conservation and development as inherently opposed to each other. I explicate how various views on what constitutes heritage and development intersect with each other and suggest that dissonance need not be the inevitable result but may be built into the gaze of expertise.
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来源期刊
Journal of South Asian Development
Journal of South Asian Development DEVELOPMENT STUDIES-
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: The Journal of South Asian Development (JSAD) publishes original research papers and reviews of books relating to all facets of development in South Asia. Research papers are usually between 8000 and 12000 words in length and typically combine theory with empirical analysis of historical and contemporary issues and events. All papers are peer reviewed. While the JSAD is primarily a social science journal, it considers papers from other disciplines that deal with development issues. Geographically, the JSAD"s coverage is confined to the South Asian region, which includes India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives and Afghanistan.
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