Studying the effect of Anzali port breakwaters on sedimentation in Anzali wetland using remote sensing

The construction of new breakwaters in Anzali port has had a significant impact on the water body of the Anzali international lagoon. The Anzali wetland is under threat from sediment influx from mountainous regions, and the study used satellite image processing to demonstrate how the construction of new breakwaters impedes the natural transfer of sediment from the lagoon to the sea. The methodology employed a hybrid approach combining two methods: normal water index (MNDWI) and supervised classification (SVM) to detect sediment accumulation in the wetland water zone. Following the construction of new breakwaters in 2009, an island formed and expanded exponentially in parts of Sorkhankol Wildlife Sanctuary's water body. This phenomenon is attributed to decreased water flow caused by increased cross-section current and volume of water, creating a dam-like function against channel flow leading to the sea. Consequently, sediments and suspended loads settle in Sorkhankol's water zone, leading to an increase in island area from 0.39 hectares to over 26 hectares during the studied period. Result showed Kappa coefficients by SVM algorithm for years 2002, 2010, 2012 and 2017 which were found to be 0.76, 0.62, 0.71 and 0.86 respectively indicating that SVM outperforms MNDWI in effectively monitoring landform changes.